i have writed a program with stl::map serialization //note : although the program use boost.mpi ,i think this bug have no relation with mpi,is just the utility . #include<iostream> #include<boost/serialization/nvp.hpp> #include<boost/serialization/map.hpp> #include<boost/mpi.hpp> int main(int argc, char ** argv) { using namespace boost::serialization; using namespace boost::mpi; using namespace std; environment env(argc, argv); communicator world; map<int ,double> ws; if (world.rank() == 0) { world.send(1,1, boost::serialization::make_nvp("ws", ws)); } else { world.recv(0,1,boost::serialization::make_nvp("ws", ws)); } return 0; } the erro is : /home/ws/boost-1-35/include/boost-1_35/boost/serialization/utility.hpp:48: error: expected template-name before '<' token /home/ws/boost-1-35/include/boost-1_35/boost/serialization/utility.hpp:48: error: expected `{' before '<' token /home/ws/boost-1-35/include/boost-1_35/boost/serialization/utility.hpp:48: error: expected unqualified-id before '<' token