Okay, I believe I need to provide a really good example that can show the need of static construction with no preliminary calls to initialization functions. The example if part of my work project: - I have two layers: presentation and model. - Each layer work in its own thread because presentation must remain responsive whatever happens in model. - Model itself is an abstract layer, the actual logic implementation is implemented in specific agents, so the model is not aware of the agents. - Agents are asynchronous tasks. - I have DatabaseFacade utility class, internal data of which require some preliminary initialization, like setting initial values, creating locks, filling hash maps, but not actual connection because it's a proxy to real database object. - All agents use the DatabaseFacade asynchronously. These are the possible scenarios of initialization of DatabaseFacade internal data: 1. Make a call to DatabaseFacade::initialize() from main (or other wiring code), thus making main aware about DatabaseFacade, i.e. introduce an unnecessary dependency. 2. Call DatabaseFacade::initialize() from model construction, again introducing an unnecessary dependency, because the abstract model doesn't care about some specific needs of some agents. 3. Call DatabaseFacade::initialize() during specific agent construction. But another agent can be inside a call to DatabaseFacade::initialize(). So, I'd need to wrap it in critical section. But the critical section itself has to be initialized before agents start. Should I introduce dependency on this specific critical section to the abstract model? Nop. Should I wrap DatabaseFacade::initialize() inside in a static critical section thus making assumptions about clients of the function? Nop again. And by introducing public method DatabaseFacade::initialize() I will open a possibility for double initialization. Of course I can insert checks, but the checks can reveal problems at run-time only. So it's more correct to allow a class to initialize its internal data itself on its own discretion, thus writing robust API that cannot be misused: "Anything that can go wrong will go wrong" - Murphy's Law ;) Thank you. ______________________________ With best regards, Alexander Stoyan