Hi Maxim, Don G wrote:
None of the calls should block.
But the sync ones _must_ block. All of the logical operations can be invoked sync/async. The non-blocking approach, from my definition<g>, [snip] I think this has a place for I/O, but not for connect/ accept. These are binary steps whereas I/O can be viewed as a continuous march to completion.
Consider a proxy server for example. It accept a connection and then connects to destination. If accept/ connect block, it won't be possible to handle in one thread multiple clients. But AFAIK performance proxy servers are actually single threaded.
They would use async, not blocking calls (in the proposal I made). I reread my post and it sounds as if I am saying that single threaded servers cannot be high performance. Of course, they can. I still believe a multi-threaded server will be higher performance.
One of my previous project was a soft realtime VoIP softswitch. It has only one thread of execution and is capable of handling 1000+ simultaneous calls (2000- 4000 sockets). It scales up by just starting additional processes on the same box, no recompilation needed, no locking, simple and immensely powerful.
I knew we had a definition problem: handling 1000+ simultaneous connections would not be something I would label as "simple"! ;) I have multiple thoughts here. First, I think the only difference our two approaches would yield is that with my approach, one might need locks. I did say "might". No lock is needed if the object managing a connection is basically autonomous, changing only its state is response to I/O completion or requesting further I/O, and/or creating new connections. While the internals of the network implementation are threaded, on a per-connection basis, callbacks are single threaded. Secondly, I don't think a queue of boost::function<> would be found by the profiler as a performance bottle-neck (though I haven't looked inside it at all). This is the approach I have taken to handle lots of async calls from one thread. Not 1000+, but I'm not sure the hardware and OS you used.
I hope this won't happen. There are several I/O patterns in use out there.
But, honestly, how many do we need?
This is the main questions. I doubt we can ever answer this. So, I see no reason in dictating a style.
There are some reasons for picking a small number of styles: 1. Simpler for a user to understand 2. Simpler to document 3. Simpler to test 4. Simpler to write higher level libs (they should have have symmetric styles for their users) 5. Not all styles are portable (w/o undue complexity) 6. Simpler to implement :) I can only think of one advantage of multiple styles: familiarity with existing practice. These practices may or may not be "good"<g> but they are familiar. It is my contention that by supporting too many "familiar idioms" we jeopardize all of the above.
You don't just send bytes, rather you execute protocols. Sockets have the right implementation level and complexity to build *efficient* protocols upon.
How hard should it be to write a protocol? How reusable should it be?
Try implementing H.323 family. (Although it dies, but it does not die as fast as I want it to).
Fortunately, I have not had to tackle H.323. :) See my above list for the intent of this question.
Yes, I'm familiar with and used OpenSSL a lot. It exposes a good C object model. Would you like to make it expose C++ interface? I doubt that it makes any sense, sinse IMO OpenSSL interface is good enough. The same point of view I have for sockets.
Yes, I would like a C++ interface. In fact, it would be basically as I proposed: net::stream. I realize that there are many other aspects to OpenSSL beyond streaming. And, of course, I would like a C++ interface to all of it. Sadly, the openssl folks aren't writing it and I have no desire to do so. If there were an openssl/C++, I would switch (all other things being equal).
So, let's say we have an HTTP library. How do we wait for responses? Expose the socket(s) it uses?
No.
At application level we operate on PDUs (which are HTTP messages here). No sockets exposed. All the socket manipulation is done inside HTTP protocol library.
Here I attached an async protocol layer abstractions I've been using in my current project.
From the code you posted, it appears that you use callbacks using abstract bases not boost::function<> (which is fine and it does avoid any possibility of deep copy under the covers).
So, say I have lots of HTTP connections to process. Would I be getting callbacks for completion? If so, why should this be fundamentally different than the layer below? Also, how does HTTP client code differ from HTTPS client code? One must interact with the SSL library and another with sockets... Best, Don __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com