Folks I have a very strange issue that I need help with understanding, it comes from https://github.com/boostorg/multiprecision/issues/32 but in summary: Given: #include <iostream> #include <boost/multiprecision/cpp_int.hpp> using namespace std; using namespace boost::multiprecision; int main() { __int128_t i =0; __int128_t j =0; int256_t sum =0; for (; i <1e9; i +=19, j +=13) { int256_t diff = j; sum += i * diff; } std::cout <<"Result: " << sum << std::endl; return 0; } There is a 20-30% slowdown when compiled in C++11 or later compared to C++03 with gcc 5.x or 6.x. I've tracked this down to the constexpr default constructor for int256_t (which is called inside operator* to create a temporary for the result), if I make the default constructor non-constexpr by removing BOOST_CONSTEXPR from any of: number.hpp:44 (number()) cpp_int.hpp:1077 (cpp_int_backend()) cpp_int.hpp:501 (cpp_int_base()) cpp_int.hpp: 435 (cpp_int_base::data_type()) Then the slowdown disappears. All the line numbers refer to current develop BTW. gcc-7 is better, but I notice it still generates different code if the constructor is constexpr - that greatly surprises me to be frank - is there something I'm missing about constexpr-ness that could cause this? Confused yours, John. --- This email has been checked for viruses by AVG. http://www.avg.com