Hi, I'm looking for advice on ways to "nest" spirit grammars that use semantic actions. In the past, I have written a spirit grammar that parses 2-dimensional array data from a file, and puts the data into an array object of my choosing. To do this, the grammar defines a new functor (array_insert) and calls the functor whenever a new array element is parsed. The functor puts the element into a reference to the destination object, held within the grammar: struct array_grammar { array_grammar(MyMatrix & m) : _inserter(m) {} struct array_inserter { array_inserter(MyMatrix & m) : _m(m) {} // operator() defined here... MyMatrix & _m; } // ...the usual grammar components... array_inserter _inserter; }; This works, as expected. However, I now have to write a parser for a file containing a collection of 2D arrays, where each array is delimited by tags (say, "BEGIN" and "END"). I would like to push each array into a std::vector of MyMatrix objects. Thus, it would be nice if I could re-use the array_grammar, and write a grammar which uses it to parse each array in the larger file: struct multi_array_grammar { multi_array_grammar(std::vector<MyMatrix> & v) : _inserter(v) {} struct array_inserter { array_inserter(std::vector<MyMatrix> & v) : _v(v) {} // ... operator(), etc. std::vector<MyMatrix> & _v; }; template <typename ScannerT> struct definition { definition(multi_array_grammar const & self) { array_begin = str_p("BEGIN"); array_end = str_p("END"); // Problem: how to create array_grammar with correct reference? array_grammar array(???); r = array_begin >> +array >> array_end; } }; array_inserter _inserter; }; The problem is that I can't figure out how to instantiate an array_grammar (which requires a reference to the current MyMatrix object) in order to parse the individual arrays. I have solved this problem by creating a functor in multi_array_grammar which calls the parse function for array_grammar directly, but this seems ugly to me. Do any of you have a better way? -Tim