I am using the free C++Builder Compiler version 5.5.1 for Win32. (http://www.borland.com/products/downloads/download_cbuilder.html) I have used Boost 1.27 without problems, but when compiling the same code with Boost 1.28 I get this error message for the compiler: Error E2113 c:\borland\boost_1_28_0\boost/detail/shared_count.hpp 39: Virtual function 'use_count_is_zero::what() const throw()' conflicts with base class 'exception' The class use_count_is_zero (new in Boost 1.28) inherits from std::exception, and it seems like the method prototype for what() is different in the Borland include files and Boost. Boost: class use_count_is_zero: public std::exception { public: virtual char const * what() const throw() { return "use_count_is_zero"; } }; Borland, who seem to use STL from Rogue Wave Software: class _RWSTDExport exception { public: exception () _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL { ; } exception (const exception&) _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL { ; } #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__BORLANDC__) exception (const char *s) _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL { ; } #endif exception& operator= (const exception& e) _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL { return *this; } virtual ~exception () _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL; virtual const char * what () const _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL { return __RWSTD::__rw_stdexcept_NoNamedException; } }; The content of _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL is set in the file stdcomp.h, and it seems like it is empty for the Borland compiler, so I tried to copy the declaration from Borland like below, but got the same error. class use_count_is_zero: public std::exception { public: virtual const char * what () const _RWSTD_THROW_SPEC_NULL { return "use_count_is_zero"; } }; Any suggestions? \David