Could you try commenting so that #define BOOST_INTERLOCKED_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport) ?
So I forced that: #define BOOST_INTERLOCKED_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport) I rebuilt boost with the following commands: CC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc\ CXX=x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++\ ./bootstrap.sh --without-icu --prefix=build --with-toolset=gcc echo "using gcc : : x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ : <compileflags>-DBOOST_THREAD_USE_LIB ;" > user-config.jam mkdir build ./b2 -d2 -j8 --layout=system --user-config=user-config.jam --without-mpi --without-python\ link=static\ threading=multi\ runtime-link=shared\ address-model=64\ instruction-set=nocona\ target-os=windows\ threadapi=win32\ variant=release\ install > build/build.log 2>&1 but still got the following error: x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ -o mgw64-release/obj/Tests/xuxu2.o -c -O3 -DNDEBUG -DWINDOWS -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra -pipe -ffloat-store -I/home/fred/boost-1.54.0/include -DBOOST_DISABLE_ASSERTS -DBOOST_FILESYSTEM_VERSION=3 -DBOOST_FILESYSTEM_NO_DEPRECATED -DBOOST_THREAD_USE_LIB -I. Tests/xuxu2.cc x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ -o mgw64-release/bin/xuxu2.exe mgw64-release/obj/Tests/xuxu2.o -Wl,--enable-auto-import -static -L/home/fred/boost-1.54.0/lib -lboost_thread-mt -lboost_system-mt -mthreads mgw64-release/obj/Tests/xuxu2.o:xuxu2.cc:(.text$_ZN5boost6threadD1Ev[_ZN5boost6threadD1Ev]+0x1a): undefined reference to `InterlockedDecrement' mgw64-release/obj/Tests/xuxu2.o:xuxu2.cc:(.text.startup+0xf6): undefined reference to `InterlockedIncrement' /usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/ld: mgw64-release/obj/Tests/xuxu2.o: bad reloc address 0xf6 in section `.text.startup' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status I have also made a minimal example so that anybody can test: #include <iostream> #include <boost/thread.hpp> struct Runner { void operator()() const { std::cout<<"Runner::operator()\n"; } }; int main(int, char*[]) { Runner r; boost::thread t1(r); t1.join(); return 0; } Cheers, Frédéric