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BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE not default on C++11 compilers
by Jeremiah Willcock 27 Jan '12

27 Jan '12

At least on GCC 4.6 in C++0x (C++11) mode, BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE is not set by default, preventing classes such as boost::transform_iterator from working on built-in lambda expressions. Is there a reason that the use of decltype is not on by default for compilers that support it, perhaps with a flag to force emulation mode (like Boost.Move supports)? -- Jeremiah Willcock

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Accessing exterior graph properties by name
by David Doria 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

Is there a way to "associate" an external property map to a name so that it can be retrieved from the graph? With a standard interior property, you can do: // Declare that you will be able to identify a property map by "vertex_data" namespace boost { enum vertex_data_t { vertex_data }; BOOST_INSTALL_PROPERTY(vertex, data); }; // Get the vertex_data property map from the graph typedef boost::property_map<Graph, boost::vertex_data_t>::type PropertyMapType; PropertyMapType propertyMap = get(boost::vertex_data, g); However, with the exterior properties, I can associate the property map with the nodes of the graph: typedef boost::property_map<GraphType, boost::vertex_index_t>::const_type indexMapType; indexMapType indexMap(get(boost::vertex_index, graph)); boost::vector_property_map<float, indexMapType> myMap(100, indexMap); but how would I then be able to, only having the graph object, get this map? That is, there was never any name, like "vertex_data" introduced in this case. Thanks, David

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was it created or opened when using boost::interprocess::shared_memory_object?
by Gehua Yang 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

Dear folks, I have been using Boost's Interprocess module for communication between several peer processes. In particular, I am using the shared_memory_object. As I was trying to create it with open_or_create_t flag (to ensure it finishes in an atomic operation), I cannot tell whether it was created or it was just opened. I would like to apply initialization when it was created but use its current information when it was opened. I hope there is a member function that can return this status. Best regards, Gehua Yang

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[BOOST USERS] [ BGL ] [GRAPH ] iterating through the vertices and edges of a filter graph
by srinivas boppu 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

Hello All, I need a small help in iterating through the vertices and edges of a filtered graph. Here is some sample code of the filtered graph. ( http://programmingexamples.net/wiki/CPP/Boost/BGL/FilteredGraph) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- #include <iostream> #include <boost/graph/adjacency_list.hpp>#include <boost/array.hpp>#include <boost/graph/filtered_graph.hpp>#include <boost/graph/graph_utility.hpp> template <typename TGraph>struct vertex_id_filter{ bool operator()(const typename boost::graph_traits<TGraph>::vertex_descriptor& v) const { return 3 < v; // keep all vertx_descriptors greater than 3 }}; int main(){ using namespace boost; typedef adjacency_list<vecS, vecS, directedS, no_property, property<edge_weight_t, int> > Graph; typedef property_map<Graph, edge_weight_t>::type EdgeWeightMap; unsigned int numberOfVertices = 10; Graph g(numberOfVertices); for(unsigned int i = 0; i < numberOfVertices - 1; ++i) { add_edge(i, i+1, g); } std::cout << "Original graph:" << std::endl; boost::print_graph(g); vertex_id_filter<Graph> filter; filtered_graph<Graph, boost::keep_all, vertex_id_filter<Graph> > filteredGraph(g, boost::keep_all(), filter); // (graph, EdgePredicate, VertexPredicate) std::cout << "Filtered graph:" << std::endl; boost::print_graph(filteredGraph); return 0;} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Here is my question. How do I iterate through the vertices and edges of "filteredGraph". I wanted to use the functions vertices( filteredGraph) and edges(filteredGraph) seems that we cannot use these functions as in the case of filtered graphs they return filtered_iterators. Please, can some one extend the above example and show me how to iterate through the vertices and edges. Thanks and Regards, Srinivas Boppu

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Ticket 4787 / Udp control headers.
by amit khandelwal 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

I was going through the 1.48 source code and I don't see it there. Is there a plan to add this patch or was it rejected due to some reason? Thanks, Amit Khandelwal

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boost filesystem
by John Emmas 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

Hello, I hope someone here will be able to help with this. Sorry, but the background is a little long-winded.... I've just discovered to my dismay that Microsoft's implementation of fstream, ifstream and ofstream are fatally flawed. I'm not sure if these characters will display correctly across this mailing list but consider the following character set:- ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ which is apparently the Greek name "Dimitris". In an English locale, the following path would only be considered valid (by Windows) in a Unicode environment:- C:/Users/ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ/some_file_name That's fine - because the user name doesn't contain valid English characters. However in Greece, that same path should qualify as a valid, non-Unicode file path and should therefore be openable without needing Unicode. For example, when building with MSVC this works:- #include <fcntl> int file = _open("C:/Users/ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ/some_file_name", _O_RDONLY); However, this fails to work - even though it uses the same path:- #include <fstream> using std::fsrream; fstream file("C:/Users/ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ/some_file_name", fstream::in | fstream::out); To cut a long story short, I noticed that libboost offers its own 'filesystem' implementation. Does boost::filesystem implement its own fstream, ifstream and ofstream? If so, would they likely suffer from the same problem (on Windows). If not, where can I find some examples of using boost::filesystem? Thanks, John

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[interval][units] interval operators not working when inteval elements are quantities
by alfC 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

Hi, Does anybody know what is missing in the boost.interval (or in the boost.units) to allow these operation. It seems that there is no other way than to make "interval/arith.hpp:operator/" more generic. -- Thanks, Alfredo #include<boost/units/systems/si.hpp> #include "alf/boost/units/interval.hpp" int main(){ boost::numeric::interval<double> iv(1.,10.); clog << iv << " " << 1./iv << endl; // ok, gives [1., 10] and [0.1,1.] boost::numeric::interval<quantity<si::length> > iv2(1.*si::meter, 10.*si::meter); clog << iv2 << " " << 1./iv2 << endl; // error: no match for ‘operator/’ in ‘1.0e+0 / iv2’ return 0; }

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FW: adjacency lists
by Neiderer, Andrew M CIV (US) 26 Jan '12

26 Jan '12

tried with https://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/trunk/boost/graph/adjacency_list_io.hpp but getting during translation. Thank you for your time. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ > From: boost-users-bounces(a)lists.boost.org [boost-users-bounces(a)lists.boost.org] on behalf of Jeremiah Willcock [jewillco(a)osl.iu.edu] > Sent: Thursday, January 19, 2012 10:36 AM > To: boost-users(a)lists.boost.org > Subject: Re: [Boost-users] adjacency lists > > On Thu, 19 Jan 2012, Neiderer, Andrew M CIV (US) wrote: > > > > > This is about 1/4 of error message. I think if this is addressed then rest of errors will go away. > > > > > > > > Result of > > > > $g++ -I home/neiderer/src/C++/boost_1_48_0 -c adjacency_list_io.cpp > > > > > > > > (I do think you need src since already exists in .../libs/graph/example) > > Please try your code again with the change I just committed to the Boost > trunk (r76588). > > -- Jeremiah Willcock > > > > > > > > > Thank you > > > > ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ > > From: boost-users-bounces(a)lists.boost.org [boost-users-bounces(a)lists.boost.org] on behalf of Jeremiah Willcock > > [jewillco(a)osl.iu.edu] > > Sent: Thursday, January 19, 2012 9:27 AM > > To: boost-users(a)lists.boost.org > > Subject: Re: [Boost-users] adjacency lists > > > > On Thu, 19 Jan 2012, Neiderer, Andrew M CIV (US) wrote: > > > > > > > > I am still learning graphs, BGL 1.48.0 so beginner questions: > > > > > > > > > > > > 1. not sure what adjacency list/matrix are used for other than building a graph > > > > > > for traversal. Or maybe this is it? > > > > That is what they are used for -- to build and represent graphs. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > 2. I need to build a sparse network. So I am using adjacency_list_io.cpp by Francois Faure (2001). > > > > > > In this example I can read(g2), but when outputting > > > > > > > > > > > > std::cout << write(g2) > > > > > > > > > > > > I get lots of translation errors :-( > > > > > > > > > > > > I know I do not give details here but maybe someone could guess a -D??? to make > > > > > > adjacency_list_io.hpp happy. > > > > > > (The read(g2) works fine) > > > > > > > > > > > > Or I can certainly provide some of the error message. > > > > Could you please provide that? I am not familiar with that code. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Also has Dr. Nick Edmonds completed (or near completion) of "active-message" based release (MPI)? > > > > We are still working on the paper based on that code. A release is likely > > to be within the next couple of months, but nothing is certain yet. > > > > -- Jeremiah Willcock > > > > > >

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[BGL] question about connected_components()
by Andriy Gapon 25 Jan '12

25 Jan '12

This page: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/libs/graph/doc/connected_components.ht… says "The connected_components() functions compute the connected components of an _undirected_ graph using a DFS-based approach." [emphasis mine] Looking here: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/boost/graph/connected_components.hpp I see somewhat some unexpected things. o Only the first variant asserts that the graph is undirected, in the second variant the assert is commented out - why is that? o Both variants use depth_first_search() and not undirected_dfs(), which would seem to be more logical for the undirected case - why? Despite the above questions I actually want to use connected_components() [and not strong_components()] for a directed graph. Should that be possible? Does it make sense? Thank you! -- Andriy Gapon

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d_ary_heap_indirect problem
by David Doria 25 Jan '12

25 Jan '12

I am trying to use d_ary_heap_indirect. I was able to create an object of the queue, but I can't push a vertex into it. Here is what I tried: http://programmingexamples.net/wiki/CPP/Boost/BGL/d_ary_heap_indirect I get a "no match for operator[]" error on the last line (the push()). Can anyone see what is wrong with that example? Thanks, David

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~optional<int> generates unnessesary code
by Hite, Christopher 25 Jan '12

25 Jan '12

The problem is that m_initialized is checked and set during deconstruction. This generates a bunch of useless code for types with trivial deconstruction: if(m_initialized){ // do nothing m_initialized = false; } The code is more than useless since it contains a branch. In my case I've got a big object I would expect to die without peep, branching and writing to memory for no reason. The steps below show what gcc 4.6.0 generates. You'd expect the function to do nothing. Boost optional has no obligation to maintain state during deconstruction (otherwise you'd need states for deconstructing,constructing). It's not responsible for the bytes left behind after deconstruction. By the way boost::variant does do this correctly. Chris ------------------ #include <boost/optional.hpp> typedef boost::optional<int> optional_int; void deconstruct_boost_optional(optional_int& o){ o.~optional_int(); } ------------------ objdump -f -d -C -l boost_optional_deconstruction.o |c++filt 00000000 <deconstruct_boost_optional(boost::optional<int>&)>: deconstruct_boost_optional(boost::optional<int>&)(): /home/eh2hite/chris/src_root/src/test/boost_optional_deconstruction.cpp:5 0: 8b 44 24 04 mov 0x4(%esp),%eax boost::optional_detail::optional_base<int>::destroy()(): /usr/local/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp:407 4: 80 38 00 cmpb $0x0,(%eax) 7: 74 03 je c <deconstruct_boost_optional(boost::optional<int>&)+0xc> boost::optional_detail::optional_base<int>::destroy_impl(mpl_::bool_<false>)(): /usr/local/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp:434 9: c6 00 00 movb $0x0,(%eax) c: f3 c3 repz ret

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BGL defining my own iterator?
by Anders Wallin 24 Jan '12

24 Jan '12

Hi all, For traversing the faces of a planar BGL graph I store 'next' pointers in a bundled property for each edge. I can go round a face of the graph like this: BGLGraph g; edge_descriptor current,start; // initialize these! do { // do something with current current=g[current].next; } while(current!=start); Now I was thinking that a lot of 'boilerplate' code would be eliminated if I could do these loops with BOOST_FOREACH. Following the tutorial for iterator_facade I am trying something like this: https://github.com/aewallin/sandbox/blob/master/bgl_iterator/main.cpp However as commented in the code it doesn't quite work. I get either no iterations, one iteration, or all but one edge. Also, holding a pointer to an edge_descriptor in the iterator class doesn't strike me as very elegant, could I store an edge_descriptor directly? suggestions? thanks, AW

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Boost MSM: No transition from submachine to external state
by stetkas 24 Jan '12

24 Jan '12

Using the following example as a template: http://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/trunk/libs/msm/doc/HTML/examples/CompositeTu… http://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/trunk/libs/msm/doc/HTML/examples/CompositeTu… I am trying to create a state machine that consists of an alarm state and a composite state (submachine). When an alarm event is posted while in the composite state, the state machine is supposed to transition to the Alarm state; however, the machine complains that no transition from the composite state on the alarm event exists. This is similar to the example where the player is in playing and a stop event is received. Below is a dumbed-down version of my state machine: http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/file/n4300991/StateMachine.gif Here is the implementation: Here is the output: See anything that could be causing my problem? -- View this message in context: http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/Boost-MSM-No-transition-from-submachine-… Sent from the Boost - Users mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

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Simple example program builds but hangs when I run it. (Ubuntu).
by vincegata 24 Jan '12

24 Jan '12

Hello, I run Ubuntu 11.04. I downloaded Boost 1.48.0, then I followed the instructions from Getting Started on Unix variants to build the libraries into /usr/local/include and /usr/local/lib. Now, I build the Simple example program without any errors, however when I run the program it just hangs indefinitely on std::for_each() line. Could someone help me with this please? $: g++ -g -lboost_filesystem main.cpp #include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> int main() { using namespace boost::lambda; typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in; std::for_each(in(std::cin), in(), std::cout << (_1 * 3) << " " ); int stop = 1; }

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Re: [Boost-users] Need help with Errors in boost MPL, tutorials
by Linh Ha 24 Jan '12

24 Jan '12

> Just on a first glance, looks like you're mistaking ::_1 (placeholder from > Boost.Bind) for boost::mpl::_1 (placeholder from Boost.MPL). They're > incompatible; try using the latter...? > > - Jeff Thanks, Jeff ! It works. But then my next question is why they are different and somehow incompatible even-though are both placeholders. Why we keep two different place holder if they do exactly a same functionality.

2 1

license
by Kraus Philipp 24 Jan '12

24 Jan '12

Hello, I would like to create a PHP plugin that uses the Boost UBlas datatypes. The plugin will be use the GPLv3 license. Can I use the bcp utility to extract the UBlas structures and can I include them into my plugin without any license problems? The plugin should store all needed parts into its own directory. Thanks Phil

1 0

Need help with Errors in boost MPL tutorials
by Linh Ha 24 Jan '12

24 Jan '12

Dear all, I try to learn Meta-programing but i got stuck with lambda meta-function and place holder. I try to compile very simple program #include <boost/bind.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/lambda.hpp> #include <boost/type_traits.hpp> template <class F, class X> struct twice : F::template apply<typename F::template apply<X>::type > { }; template <class X> struct two_pointers : twice<typename boost::mpl::lambda<boost::add_pointer<_1> >::type, X> {}; int main(int argc, char** argv) { return 0; } It is from the boost tutorial http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/libs/mpl/doc/tutorial/the-lambda-metaf… . But it can not be complied. The error messages are main.cpp:21: error: type/value mismatch at argument 1 in template parameter list for ‘template<class T> struct boost::add_pointer’ main.cpp:21: error: expected a type, got ‘<unnamed>::_1’ main.cpp:21: error: template argument 1 is invalid main.cpp:21: error: template argument 3 is invalid main.cpp:21: error: template argument 1 is invalid main.cpp:22: error: expected ‘::’ before ‘{’ token main.cpp:22: error: expected class-name before ‘{’ token I use g++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5) 4.4.5 I have no idea what happened. Any inside would be appreciated. It is important I think since lambda is used all over place with MPL. Thanks, Linh Ha

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[Spirit][karma] Generating Pascal string like output
by Olaf Meeuwissen 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Hi all, While I had no trouble getting the parsing part for this to work, I'm stuck on the generator part. Specifically, I'm stuck on getting the size into the output. The goal is a rule that takes a std::vector<byte> and outputs it in such a way that it is preceded by its size (in a custom encoding) and padded by zeroes to align on a four byte boundary. I want to reuse this rule in several other rules and prefer to break it up into smaller pieces. A minimalistic example of what I have come up with so far is attached. What I can't seem figure out how to get at and store the vector's size in pascal_string_size_. There also seem to be problems with refering to the stored size_ in pascal_string_payload_ and pascal_string_padding_ that I don't understand. Note that the signed/unsigned distinction is on purpose. I am aware of the side effects of assigning to size_ and that that is not threadsafe. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance, -- Olaf Meeuwissen, LPIC-2 FLOSS Engineer -- AVASYS CORPORATION FSF Associate Member #1962 Help support software freedom http://www.fsf.org/jf?referrer=1962

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grid_graph vertex properties
by David Doria 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Since there is no VertexProperties template parameter on grid_graph, is it correct that you cannot use interior properties, but must use exterior properties? Thanks, David

2 5

Building boost_1_48_0 with specified version of msvc...
by JIA Pei 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Hi, all: I strictly followed "Getting Started" on Boost documentation, although I'm using a Visual Studio 2008 Command Prompt, it seems it always produce all boost libraries using VC10. Is it possible to produce boost libraries built by VC9? Please help...Thank you very much. Best Regards Pei -- Pei JIA Email: jp4work(a)gmail.com cell: +1 604-362-5816 Welcome to Vision Open http://www.visionopen.com

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Regarding Boost::asio::io-service
by Baba Prasad 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Dear Friends, Please tell what is the purpose of boost::asio::io-service ios .I am New to the boost Libraries and I'm doing one Open Source project in that already used these asio service in a way of passing asio service in object. like "link l(ios, some other arguments) " My big question is at what sart of time this asio::io-service are most useful and required. Best Regards BaBu -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.

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Compile error when using program_options and lambda expression
by Jens Auer 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Hi, I ran into a problem when I was replacing boost::bind expressions with lambda expressions. I could boil down the problem to the following code: #include <boost/program_options.hpp> template<typename T> void f(T t) {} void g() { using namespace boost::program_options; // each of the following lines produces the error: // Error 1 error C2871: 'validators' : a namespace with this name does not exist // Error 2 error C2871: 'program_options' : a namespace with this name does not exist f([]() {} ); auto x = []() {}; } When I try to compile this on my Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 using our Boost 1.45 library, I get a compiler errors: Error 1 error C2871: 'validators' : a namespace with this name does not exist Error 2 error C2871: 'program_options' : a namespace with this name does not exist To me, it looks like a compiler problem but I want to make sure that I am not running into a known issue in the boost libraries. I have search the bug database, but I have not found any issues like this one. It would be nice if someone could double-check this on another platform and boost version. If it is a compiler bug, I would then file a bug report to MS. Best regards, Jens

1 0

FTP Server class
by Christer Borgqvist 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Hello all, Im trying to make a multi threaded FTP Server class using boost asio. When in passiv mode, create a server listen on the data port and wait for a connection from the client, that thread need som event to trigg the thread to start send the file after the command RETR have received. is there some one that can help me. /Christer

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[units] Question about user-defined value types
by W Z 23 Jan '12

23 Jan '12

Hi, I am using boost units library for a project in which I need to define quantities using rational numbers. I have a rational number class but am having trouble integrating it with units library. There seems to be a lot of places where the units library implementation assumes that the conversion values are expressed as double type. Is there a good way to get around this to make units library support rational numbers? Thanks, WZ

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Iterating over vertices in a specific region in a graph
by David Doria 22 Jan '12

22 Jan '12

If I manually create a grid graph in BGL (using adjacency_list, not grid_graph), is there a way to iterate over vertices in a specified rectangular region? Say I make a 100x100 grid graph, how would I iterate over the the center 5x5 vertices? Thanks, David

2 4

Multicast sender
by Carlos Guimarães 22 Jan '12

22 Jan '12

Hi, Is there any portable way (by using boost) to send multicast messages through all network interfaces available on the host? I have managed to do it by setting outbound_interface option on the socket. However, how can I know which if_index are available? Also, it only works for IPv6. If I set a IPv4 address it always use the same interface. Any suggestion? Next is the code I'm using: // DATA HERE... ip::udp::socket sock(io); sock.open(ip::udp::v6()); // Set socket flags sock.set_option(boost::asio::socket_base::reuse_address(true)); if (strcmp(dst_ip, "ff02::1") == 0) { boost::asio::socket_base::broadcast option(true); sock.set_option(option); } sock.bind(ip::udp::endpoint(ip::address_v6::any(), src_port)); for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { try { sock.set_option(ip::multicast::outbound_interface(i)); sock.set_option(ip::multicast::enable_loopback(false)); ip::udp::endpoint ep(ip::address::from_string(dst_ip), dst_port); sock.async_send_to(boost::asio::buffer(sbuff, slen), ep, boost::bind((&send_handler), placeholders::error)); } catch(...) { return; } }

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[Units] Issue with user defined quantities
by Pieter B. 22 Jan '12

22 Jan '12

LS, I have some problems working with user defined quantities/units in combination with unitless quantities (such as the results of a sin() or cos() operations).Taking the example of the 'nautical mile', which is presented in the documentation: ---START CODE --- namespace nautical { struct length_base_unit : boost::units::base_unit<length_base_unit, length_dimension, 1> { static std::string name() { return "nautical mile"; } static std::string symbol() { return "nmi"; } }; typedef boost::units::make_system<length_base_unit>::type system; typedef unit<length_dimension,system> length; static const length mile,miles; } BOOST_UNITS_DEFINE_CONVERSION_FACTOR(nautical::length_base_unit, boost::units::si::meter_base_unit, double, 1.852e3); ---END CODE --- The following does not compile: ---START CODE --- typedef quantity<boost::units::si::plane_angle> TAngleInRad; typedef boost::units::quantity<nautical::length> TNauticalDistanceInNMI; TNauticalDistanceInNMI NauticalDistanceInNMI; TNauticalDistanceInNMI SumNauticalDistanceInNMI = NauticalDistanceInNMI + NauticalDistanceInNMI; // OK TNauticalDistanceInNMI ScaledSumNauticalDistanceInNMI = NauticalDistanceInNMI + NauticalDistanceInNMI*sin(AngleInRad); // Last line does not compile due to lack of a suitable operator+ ---END CODE --- It does work correctly when using the 'nautical mile' as it has been defined in the library itself in "nautical_mile.hpp" (as a scaled base unit related to the si::meter): ---START CODE --- namespace metric { typedef scaled_base_unit<boost::units::si::meter_base_unit, scale<1852, static_rational<1> > > nautical_mile_base_unit; } // definition of the nautical mile from "nautical_mile.hpp" typedef boost::units::metric::nautical_mile_base_unit::unit_type nautical_mile_unit; typedef quantity<nautical_mile_unit> TNauticalDistanceInNMI; ---END CODE --- However, I don't think I can specify my user-defined units/quantities in this manner as they use a scale factor represented by an arbitrary floating point value. My perception is that the example of the documentation does not work due to the mixing of quantities from the si system (the sin() returns a dimensionless quantity in that system) with user-defined quantities in another ('nautical') system, while the 'nautical mile' from 'nautical_mile.hpp' is a scaled version of the si::meter and thus defined within the realms of the si::system - but please correct me if I am wrong here. My problem can thus be summarized as follows: - the solution from the documentation does not compile - the solution from 'nautical_mile.hpp' uses a scaled base unit which is limited to scaling factors of the form scale<Base,Exponent> and my question is therefore: how can I define my user-defined units/quantities in such a way that they allow the required operations while being related to base units by an arbitrary scale factor? Help would be highly appreciated, Pieter ------------------- Nautical mile version #1 (from the included nautical_mile.hpp): namespace metric { typedef scaled_base_unit<boost::units::si::meter_base_unit, scale<1852, static_rational<1> > > nautical_mile_base_unit; } template<> struct base_unit_info<metric::nautical_mile_base_unit> { static const char* name() { return("nautical mile"); } static const char* symbol() { return("nmi"); } }; typedef quantity<boost::units::si::plane_angle> TAngleInRad; typedef quantity<boost::units::si::length> TDistanceInM; typedef boost::units::metric::nautical_mile_base_unit::unit_type nautical_mile_unit; typedef quantity<nautical_mile_unit> TDistanceInNMI; typedef boost::units::quantity<nautical::length> TNauticalDistanceInNMI; # this is OK: TAngleInRad Angle(0.5*radians); TDistanceInNMI DistanceInNMI; TDistanceInNMI SumDistanceInNMI = DistanceInNMI + DistanceInNMI; TDistanceInNMI ScaledSumDistanceInNMI = DistanceInNMI + DistanceInNMI*sin(AngleInRad); TNauticalDistanceInNMI NauticalDistanceInNMI; TNauticalDistanceInNMI SumNauticalDistanceInNMI = NauticalDistanceInNMI + NauticalDistanceInNMI; TNauticalDistanceInNMI ScaledSum NauticalDistanceInNMI = NauticalDistanceInNMI + NauticalDistanceInNMI*sin(AngleInRad); // DOES NOT COMPILE for lack of a suitable operator+

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[phoenix] [cmath] lazy pow not working in boost 1.48
by alfC 22 Jan '12

22 Jan '12

Hi, Is this a bug in phoenix? the boost::phoenix::pow lazy function doesn't seem to work. My version is Boost 1.48 or maybe 1.49 (after svn update) -- Thanks, Alfredo #include<iostream> #include <boost/phoenix.hpp> #include <boost/phoenix/stl/cmath.hpp> using std::clog; using std::endl; int main(){ using namespace boost::phoenix::arg_names; clog << boost::phoenix::sin(arg1)(1.) << " " << std::sin(1.) << endl; // ok clog << boost::phoenix::pow(arg1, arg1)(2.) << " " << std::pow(2.,2.) << endl; // ^^^^------ error: no matching function for call to ‘pow(const boost::phoenix::expression::argument<1>::type&, double) return 0; }

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Why does boost thread copy a functor?
by Chris Cleeland 22 Jan '12

22 Jan '12

I had code similar to the following... Functor object: struct Task { operator()() { // thread main } smartfd p; }; Note that smartfd is a wrapper around a file descriptor. In its dtor it closes the fd. Then, elsewhere I set up an instance of Task and spawn it with boost::thread... Task t; t.p = // open file descriptor boost::thread thr(t); The spawned thread gets an instance of Task, but it's not the same instance as from the main. What is the rationale? -- Chris Cleeland

3 6

Vote Boost Up for SourceForge Project of the Month
by Dave Abrahams 20 Jan '12

20 Jan '12

Folks, I was just informed that Boost is a top contender for SourceForge's February Project Of The Month. The vote is happening on TwtPoll, here: http://twtpoll.com/7vt4lq It's pretty close, so if you could vote Boost up, it could be good for our profile and our future. Thanks! -- Dave Abrahams BoostPro Computing http://www.boostpro.com

3 3

Re: [Boost-users] Is there any functions that convert Chrono's time_point and duration to their Ptime equivalents?
by Iron Bug 20 Jan '12

20 Jan '12

I found such functions somewhere in boost's sandbox, in chrono development. There're some templates that can be used as examples and adopted for all such conversions. I think, they will be added to chrono, possibly. Look here: http://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/sandbox/chrono/boost/conversion/boost/

1 0

[asio] Error "File exists" at connect
by Arash Abghari 20 Jan '12

20 Jan '12

Hi everybody, I am running a server and client using boost::asio. There are 10 clients sending requests simultaneously to the server. Sometimes one of the clients returns the error "File exist" when ip::tcp::socket::connect() is called. Do you have any idea what possibly could cause this error? Thanks, Arash

2 4

Using filesystem::remove with wildcards
by toran 20 Jan '12

20 Jan '12

I am having trouble deleting files with boost::filesystem. Following code does not work for me (and I can't find the doc that explains how to do it). boost::filesystem::path pt("somepath"); pt /= ("*.data"); boost::filesystem::remove(pt); pt variable points to the valid set of files, but removal does not happened. I will appreciate an advise and may be pointing me to the right place in the docs. Thanks.

2 1

Using shared_ptr with reference_wrapper
by Kelvin Chung 19 Jan '12

19 Jan '12

I am currently in the middle of a wrapper conundrum. I currently have the following: template <class Key, class Container> class ContainerWrapper { Container container; public: typedef Key key_type; protected: virtual const typename Container::key_type& mapKey(const key_type&) = 0; }; The idea of ContainerWrapper is that I want to disguise one Key type as another key type. But the following wrapper, intended to present a container of Key pointers as a container of Keys, presents a dangling reference problem: template <class Key, class Container> class HeapKeyWrapper : public ContainerWrapper<Key, Container> { // Container::key_type == boost::shared_ptr<Key> public: typedef Key key_type; protected: // Ignore the lack of boost::const_pointer_cast<Key>() below. The dangling reference is from the fact // that shared_from_this() doesn't return a reference. const boost::shared_ptr<Key>& mapKey(const key_type& key) { return key.shared_from_this(); } }; If I try to fix this by having mapKey() return by value, then this other wrapper breaks: template <class Key, class Container> class IdentityWrapper : public ContainerWrapper<Key, Container> { public: typedef Key key_type; protected: // Assume Key extends boost::enable_shared_from_this<Key>. // Returning by value would mean the returned value is a copy of key, and not the original // so calling shared_from_this() from the mapped key would break, say const Key& mapKey(const key_type& key) { return key; } }; I'm trying to fix the code so that both wrappers work (short of refactoring the mapKey() functionality to a functor of some sort), which leads me thinking about using boost::reference_wrapper in some way. (The problem that I have is that I could have IdentityWrapper::mapKey() return a reference_wrapper, but that violates the mapKey() interface.) This has also led me down to a related path - what if I changed my backing container to use reference_wrapper instead of shared_ptr? It seems to be that it is ill-advised: the container technically isn't holding the object, and so the objects in the container could be deallocated in the meantime, leaving me with containers full of dangling references. I have valid uses of both HeapKeyWrapper and IdentityWrapper elsewhere in my code, so what do you think should be the right choice given this dangling reference problem currently present in HeapKeyWrapper?

2 1

[Chrono] Is there any functions that convert Chrono's time_point and duration to their Ptime equivalents?
by Matthew Jenks 19 Jan '12

19 Jan '12

Hello, I have been trying to find in the boost libraries if there are any interoperability functions for Boost::Chrono and Boost::Posix_Time? Does anyone know if they exist and what class they are in? Thanks, Matt

2 1

adjacency lists
by Neiderer, Andrew M CIV (US) 19 Jan '12

19 Jan '12

I am still learning graphs, BGL 1.48.0 so beginner questions: 1. not sure what adjacency list/matrix are used for other than building a graph for traversal. Or maybe this is it? 2. I need to build a sparse network. So I am using adjacency_list_io.cpp by Francois Faure (2001). In this example I can read(g2), but when outputting std::cout << write(g2) I get lots of translation errors :-( I know I do not give details here but maybe someone could guess a -D??? to make adjacency_list_io.hpp happy. (The read(g2) works fine) Or I can certainly provide some of the error message. Also has Dr. Nick Edmonds completed (or near completion) of "active-message" based release (MPI)? Thank you. Andrew M. Neiderer US Army Research Laboratory

2 3

Boost-build targets order
by Jarosław Bober 19 Jan '12

19 Jan '12

Hello i have a quick question regarding targets in boost-build jamfiles. Let's say i have 3 targets defined in my jamroot and then I say: bjam target1 target2 target3 Is the order of building targets defined somehow? Regards

1 0

boost::thread and helgrind
by Frederick Roth 19 Jan '12

19 Jan '12

I am currently fooling around with boost::thread. After writing a short example program (featuring boost::thread and boost::interprocess::interprocess_semaphore), I ran helgrind against it and got some "Possible data race" errors. The program does nothing but start two threads and serialize them via the semaphore and I am unsure whether a) I did some error I am not aware of b) helgrind reports false positives I would be glad if someone could look at my code (attached) and give me a hint. Frederick Roth PS: Software versions are boost-1.47.0, valgrind-3.6.1, gcc 4.6.2, c++0x

3 6

Newbie, just starting.
by Robillard, Greg L 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

I am trying to get my boost libraries up and running, so I can start using the test framework. When running: #define BOOST_TEST_MODULE const_string test #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp> // EOF I get the following error: xlC_r -I /home/.../BoostTest/boost_1_48_0 newTest.cpp -o newTest ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: boost::unit_test::__vftQ3_5boost9unit_test15unit_test_log_tQ3_5boost9unit_test13test_observer ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .boost::unit_test::framework::master_test_suite() ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .main ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information. Alternately, when I try to run: #include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <algorithm> int main() { using namespace boost::lambda; typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in; std::for_each( in(std::cin), in(), std::cout << (_1 * 3) << " " ); } I receive the following error: "/home/.../BoostTest/boost_1_48_0/boost/lambda/detail/function_adaptors.hpp", line 29.1: 1540-0063 (S) The text ">" is unexpected. Any assistance would be great. Greg

2 1

boost::split_regex
by Brad Tilley 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

I'm experimenting with boost::split_regex and ran into an issue. The first three examples (results1, results2, results3) compile and work as expected. The last one (results4) does not compile. Here's the code I'm using: std::string str1("hello abc-ABC-aBc goodbye"); static const boost::regex re("-ABC-"); std::vector<boost::iterator_range<std::string::iterator> > results1; boost::ifind_all( results1, str1, "abc" ); std::vector<boost::iterator_range<std::string::iterator> > results2; boost::split(results2, str1, boost::is_any_of("-")); std::vector<std::string> results3; boost::split_regex(results3, str1, re); std::vector<boost::iterator_range<std::string::iterator> > results4; // compile error on this line: boost::split_regex(results4, str1, re); I've read the documents here: http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/doc/html/boost/algorithm/split_regex.h… and I believe my usage of split_regex is correct? It compiles and works with std::string (results3) but not with boost::iterator_range. The compiler error is long and verbose, so I'm hesitant to post it here. I was hoping that someone could look at the usage example I provided and see how I'm doing it wrong. I prefer iterator_range as it does not make a copy. Thanks for any advice! Brad

1 1

Re: [Boost-users] how to calculate the Sample standard deviation using accumulators
by Victor Yankee 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

Hello Marshall, >On Jan 17, 2012, at 3:38 PM, Victor Yankee wrote: > >> How can I calculate the Sample Standard Deviation over a std::vector of doubles using accumulators? >> >>Or is there a faster way in boost math or some such? > > >Google is your friend (second hit for "boost accumulator standard deviation"): > http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7616511/calculate-mean-and-standard-devi… >and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4316716/is-it-possible-to-use-boost-accu… > > > accumulator_set<double, stats<tag::variance> > acc; > for_each(a_vec.begin(), a_vec.end(), bind<void>(ref(acc), _1)); > > cout << mean(acc) << endl; > cout << sqrt(variance(acc)) << endl; But this is the POPULATION standard deviation (variance divided by N) I think. What I was asking for was how to calculated the SAMPLE standard deviation (variance devided by N-1). Thanks, Vic

1 0

Re: [Boost-users] boost::asio::io_service::postand boost::asio::deadline_timer
by Marat Abrarov 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

Hi, Christopher. > I mean > now = current time > "Make biscuits 30 seconds from now." > "Clean the car 10 seconds from now." > "Ride your bike 45 seconds from now." > > Or does posting to the timer before it is "expired" interfere with the first > request? http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_48_0/doc/html/boost_asio/reference/basic_de… ~~~~~~~~~ Any pending asynchronous wait operations will be cancelled. The handler for each cancelled operation will be invoked with the boost::asio::error::operation_aborted error code. ~~~~~~~~~ Regards, Marat Abrarov.

2 1

[graph] Query for interest: implicit de Bruijn graph
by Jeremiah Willcock 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

Would any Boost.Graph users be interested if I implemented an implicit de Bruijn graph? The graph would have the following benefits and drawbacks: - Would not use any storage, but would act as a d^k-vertex, d^(k+1)-edge (for alphabet size d and word length k) graph. - Would be exactly the de Bruijn graph (with no vertex merging or filtering); those features could be added on top, using filtered_graph and/or another wrapper layer. - A filtered_graph based on a sparse property map could "enable" vertices and edges to process in a given algorithm. - A separate layer could enable processing of chains of vertices together. - I could provide a reverse complement map for the base-4 case, as well as conversions between vertices and edges and strings of the correct length. If anyone is interested, I have a few questions as well: - What should the performance tradeoff be between accessing a vertex's incident edges vs. computing reverse complements? - Does the k-mer size (word length) need to be chosen at run-time, or would a compile-time setting be acceptable? -- Jeremiah Willcock

1 0

Re: [Boost-users] [boost] Proposal for a Differential Evolution C++ library
by P Gregor 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

I could also help testing. regards, Piotr

1 0

how to calculate the Sample standard deviation using accumulators Hello,
by Victor Yankee 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

Hello, How can I calculate the Sample Standard Deviation over a std::vector of doubles using accumulators? Or is there a faster way in boost math or somesuch? Thanks

2 1

boost::asio::io_service::post and boost::asio::deadline_timer
by Christopher 18 Jan '12

18 Jan '12

I am getting boost:asio::error::operation_aborted error codes for an unknown reason in my handlers. No where did a cancel or reset occur, nor was the deadline_time or the io_service destroyed. Does anyone know if I may post to the same io_service a deadline_timer was constructed with or if they will interfere with eachother? May I post multiple times to the deadline timer calling back different methods? I can't imagine why the abort would show up other than I am taking something for granted.

2 2

compiler warnings in
by Chris Cleeland 17 Jan '12

17 Jan '12

Using Boost 1_47_0, in checking some automated builds on a CentOS 4 machine, I get the following errors from the compiler there (gcc v3.4.6). ../../../boost/exception/detail/error_info_impl.hpp:43: warning: `class boost::error_info<tag_answer, int>' has virtual functions but non-virtual destructor Indeed, if I go back and compile the boost tests for exceptions, I get the same compiler warning. GCC 3.4.6 is listed as a tested compiler for 1.47.0; is this warning then expected? Or not? The change that silences the compiler is declaring the destructor of boost::error_info_base to be virtual, but I'm not entirely sure if that's correct. I'm also hesitant to make this change only for CentOS 4 as that will change the object layout in memory and could result in linker confusion, though one could argue that linking against the wrong library is an error unto itself. If there's a more appropriate place to report/discuss these sorts of issues, please point me towards them. Thanks! -- Chris Cleeland

2 1

Jamfile.v2 for iostreams in Boost 1_48
by David Smith 17 Jan '12

17 Jan '12

Greetings, The Jamfile.v2 in the iostreams library of Boost 1_48 has the line (around 29): $(v) = [ modules.peek : $(v) ] ; Used to propogate path-constant settings to the local jam environment. I think it should be: $($(v)) = [ modules.peek : $(v) ] ; At least when I run with this the build of iostreams works correctly to compile bzip2 and zlib objects and fails otherwise. Has anyone else observed this? Regards David

3 2

boost::mpl, c++11 and clang 3.0: compiler bug?
by Allan Nielsen 17 Jan '12

17 Jan '12

Hi The following code compiles fine under clang 3.0 but I get unexpected output: #include <iostream> #include <boost/mpl/for_each.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp> template< typename _state > struct AccSize{ size_t s = 0; _state xxxx; template<typename T> void operator()(T) { std::cout << s << " " << sizeof(T) << std::endl; s += sizeof(T); }; }; struct Foo { Foo () {} Foo (const Foo & rhs) {} }; struct A{}; int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { using namespace std; AccSize < Foo > p; typedef boost::mpl::vector<int, int, int> list; boost::mpl::for_each< list >( p ); return 0; } The output I get is: 0 4 0 4 0 4 The output I expected is: 0 4 4 4 8 4 If I remove the copy constructor in Foo, it works as I expect, and if I do a "normal" initialization of AccSize::s it also works as I expect. Is this a bug? If so, how can it be reproduced without mpl::foreach Best regards Allan W. Nielsen

3 3

[interprocess] hanging when open_or_create a mapped file
by yiling1 gong 17 Jan '12

17 Jan '12

hello, everyone: I’m a newbie to boost::interprocess, It’s really a cool library, so I try to write a simple program to test mapped file, it’s really simple: #include <boost/interprocess/managed_mapped_file.hpp> using namespace boost::interprocess; int main() { managed_mapped_file mfile(open_or_create, "/home/fractal/log.bin", 1024); //hanging here. return 0; } but it’s hanging on the creation of mapped file, I test it both on ubuntu 11.05(in virtualbox) and openSuse, the same problem remain. I’m sure the file exists, and I traced down the source code, it seems the program stuck in a while loop in function priv_open_or_create(...). except that, if I set the third argument of constructor from 1024 to 1, it’s even throw a exception( not good). any seggestion is appreciated!!!

1 0

boost::interprocess::detail::managed_open_or_create_impl::priv_open_or_create function
by Raghu Gyambavantha 16 Jan '12

16 Jan '12

Boost-ers, When I try to allocate more elements from a managed shared memory segment than allowed, I don't seem to be getting an error from the boost library. It looks like the reason for it is because the call to "construct_func" from "priv_open_or_create" in "boost::interprocess::detail::managed_open_or_create_impl" returns true/false, but that return value is never checked. I saw this error with boost versrion 1.43.0, but that specific portion of the code doesn't seem to have changed even in 1.48.0. >From the looks of it, it seems like the construct_func should throw instead of returning, but in 1.43.0, it is returning a value. Should the return value be check and appropriate action be taken here or am I missing something. Any help is much appreciated. Thanks, -Raghu

1 0

[BGL] Serialize boost::labeled_graph
by Alper Aydemir 15 Jan '12

15 Jan '12

Hi, Is there anyway to easily serialize labeled_graphs ? I can see that <boost/graph/adj_list_serialize.hpp> does it for adjacency lists, however no such header seem to exist for labeled graph type. -- Alper Aydemir

2 1

Multi Threaded Server with boost asio
by mark pashley 15 Jan '12

15 Jan '12

I am looking at writing a multithreaded tcp server using boost ASIO. I have read through the tutorials and had a look at some of the examples and just want to check that my understanding is correct. The server will accept connections then service requests from multiple clients. My understanding is as follows: 1 The server uses "a single io_service and a thread pool calling io_service::run()" 2 All threads call io_service::run(). 3 The calls to io_service::run() are not within a strand, ergo completion handlers can run simultaneously. 4 When a request arrives one of the threads is chosen, it's read handler will be called 5 Another request may arrive,starting the read handler on a second thread 6 When one of the threads has finished handling the request it calls async_write, from within a strand 7 Another thread also finishes processing its request, it also calls async_write, from within a strand 8 The writes to the io_service are serialised via the strand, ergo they are thread safe. 9 When the write operation completes the thread calls async_read() 10 This call is not protected by a strand and the thread will be used for handling requests Is my understanding correct? -- View this message in context: http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/Multi-Threaded-Server-with-boost-asio-tp… Sent from the Boost - Users mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

1 0

What's the execution sequence of phoenix::lambda function?
by 饭桶 15 Jan '12

15 Jan '12

I'm a newbie for boost phoenix, I wrote a small piece of code but it totally confuses me about the execution sequence, you can check the code ------------------clip----------------- std::vector<int> v; v.push_back(1); ph::for_each(v, ph::lambda[ph::ref(cout)<<"a", ph::ref(cout)<<"b" ])(v); ph::for_each(arg1, ph::lambda[ph::ref(cout)<<"a", ph::for_each(v, ph::lambda[ph::ref(cout)<<"b", ph::ref(cout)<<"c" ]), ph::ref(cout)<<"d" ])(v); ------------------------clap-------------------------- The first output is "ab" but the second output is "dbca". It seams ph::for_each is lazy evaluate , but what is the correct one to make it execute from left to right? thanks -- 半亩薄田一头牛老婆孩子热炕头

1 0

[asio] usb howto
by László Veréb 15 Jan '12

15 Jan '12

Hi All! I would like to use the asio library to communicate through usb with some devices. I looked the documentation, and searched the internet. It was said that it can be done, but I could not find any specific information. I found a code for (old) serial ports, it mentioned the usb, but nothing more. I think the important parts were: boost::asio::serial_port port; port.open(devname); port.set_option(***); where one can set these options boost::asio::serial_port_base::baud_rate, parity, character_size, flow_control, stop_bits Are these option also available for usb ports? For example the data flows (found by be) are not the same. Thanks beforehand for your reply and help. Laci

1 0

Boost interprocess vector, creating multiple vector pointers
by Prasanth Madhavan 15 Jan '12

15 Jan '12

I want to insert a shared vector into a shared map using the following code: managed_shared_memory segment(create_only ,"MySharedMemory" ,65536); typedef allocator<int, managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> vecAllocator;typedef vector<int, vecAllocator> vec;typedef std::pair<int, vec* > ValueType;typedef allocator<ValueType, managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> ShmemAllocator;typedef multimap<int, vec*, std::less<int>, ShmemAllocator> MyMap; ShmemAllocator alloc_inst (segment.get_segment_manager());vecAllocator vectorallocator (segment.get_segment_manager()); MyMap *mymap = segment.construct<MyMap>("MyMap")(std::less<int>(),alloc_inst);vec *myvec = segment.construct<vec>("myvec")(vectorallocator);vec *myvec1 = segment.construct<vec>("myvec1")(vectorallocator); myvec->push_back(10);myvec->push_back(9);myvec->push_back(8);myvec1->push_back(987);myvec1->push_back(123);myvec1->push_back(456); for(int i = 0; i < 6; ++i){ for(int j = 0; j<6; j++) mymap->insert(std::pair<int, vec*>(i, myvec));}for(int i = 0; i < 6; ++i){ for(int j = 0; j<6; j++) mymap->insert(std::pair<int, vec*>(i, myvec1));}the code works.. but what i want to do is construct a vector without a name. that is do something like this vec *myvec = segment.construct<vec>(vectorallocator);vec *myvec1 = segment.construct<vec>(vectorallocator);so that if i put it inside a loop and there is no problem with naming them differently every loop. Is there a way to do so? Or atleast is there an automatic way to name them differently every loop? -- Prasanth Madhavan

3 2

[xpressive] sporadic crashes in multi-threaded code
by Ovanes Markarian 14 Jan '12

14 Jan '12

Hello *, I face some issue with sporadic crashes in xpressive which I think a result of a race condition. The use case is: a function which needs to parse smth create local regex objects: const sregex any_char = _; sregex const& rdelim = parser_->delimiter(); //some dynamic delimiter token const sregex re_prefix = bos >> (s1=-*by_ref(any_char)) >> *(s2=by_ref(rdelim)) >> eos ; calling this function from multiple threads results in a crash with (boost 1.42, gcc 4.3.5 on debian linux). I previously had more crashes, but moved all regex objects to global space as const objects and they seem to be fine now. This is the only place I left with a local regex. In the stack trace it seems like internals of the local object regex are freed via boost weak_ptr with possible double delete attempt. The stack-trace of the created core-dump during the crash can be accessed via: https://docs.google.com/open?id=0BzJl1eEH-CCGODU5N2JhOTAtNWMxMy00OGNhLThhNz… (Did not want to send addional 200k to the mailing list.) Many thanks for help, Ovanes

2 2

boost::interprocess and synchronization
by Juan Ramírez 13 Jan '12

13 Jan '12

Hi, I've been working a lot with interprocess communication, but using plain windows API. Now I'm thinking about changing the implementation to boost::interprocess, but a simple question arises: Does boost::interprocess provide any kind of synchronization? On past projects I used to create a global mutex and an avent (or semaphore) object, the global mutex makes sure that only one process is writing at the same time, and the event indicates that there is new data to read.. Does boost:.interprocess provide those objects under the hood or I have to use my own named mutex and conditions? Thanks a lot :) Saludos! Juan

1 1

Problems using boost::mpl::for_each
by Allan Nielsen 13 Jan '12

13 Jan '12

Hi, I have a function where I think mpl::for_each might be use full, but I can not get it to work: template<typename SYM> BaseGamePlateHash holdClear(const BaseGamePlateHash& h) { struct ClearSymbol { ClearSymbol(BaseGamePlateHash& h) : hash(h) { } template <typename _SYM> void operator()(_SYM) { hash.clear<_SYM>(); } BaseGamePlateHash& hash; }; BaseGamePlateHash new_hash = h; typedef typename boost::mpl::remove< SymbolCounts, SYM>::type ClearSymbols; ClearSymbol clearsymbol(new_hash); clearsymbol(SYM()); // this is working //boost::mpl::for_each< boost::mpl::vector<SYM> >( clearsymbol ); // not compiling, this is just a simple test //boost::mpl::for_each< ClearSymbols >( clearsymbol ); // not compiling, this is what I want to do... return new_hash; } I had the impression that the following two statements would do the same: clearsymbol(SYM()); // this is working should be equal to: boost::mpl::for_each< boost::mpl::vector<SYM> >( clearsymbol ); // not compiling But this does not seems to be the case... This is the compile error I get when enabling: boost::mpl::for_each< boost::mpl::vector<SYM> >( clearsymbol ); test7.cxx:303:13: error: 'holdClear(const BaseGamePlateHash &)::ClearSymbol::operator()(SymbolCntDice)::ClearSymbol::hash' is not a member of class 'ClearSymbol' hash.clear<_SYM>(); ^ /usr/local/include/boost/mpl/for_each.hpp:75:9: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'holdClear(const BaseGamePlateHash &)::ClearSymbol::operator()<SymbolCntDice>' requested here aux::unwrap(f, 0)(boost::get(x)); ^ /usr/local/include/boost/mpl/for_each.hpp:100:5: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::mpl::aux::for_each_impl<false>::execute<boost::mpl::v_iter<boost::mpl::vector<SymbolCntDice, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na>, 0>, boost::mpl::v_iter<boost::mpl::vector<SymbolCntDice, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na>, 1>, boost::mpl::identity<mpl_::na>, ClearSymbol>' requested here aux::for_each_impl< boost::is_same<first,last>::value > ^ /usr/local/include/boost/mpl/for_each.hpp:111:5: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::mpl::for_each<boost::mpl::vector<SymbolCntDice, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na>, boost::mpl::identity<mpl_::na>, ClearSymbol>' requested here for_each<Sequence, identity<> >(f); ^ test7.cxx:313:5: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::mpl::for_each<boost::mpl::vector<SymbolCntDice, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na, mpl_::na>, ClearSymbol>' requested here boost::mpl::for_each< boost::mpl::vector<SYM> >( clearsymbol ); ^ test7.cxx:437:36: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'holdClear<SymbolCntDice>' requested here BaseGamePlateHash hh = holdClear<SYM>( h ); ^ test7.cxx:386:13: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'BaseGamePreCalc::create_hold_actions<SymbolCntDice>' requested here create_hold_actions<SymbolCntDice>(hash_enum.first); ^ 1 error generated. So, what have I done wrong? Best regards Allan W. Nielsen

2 1

Get fields from struct
by Matthijs Möhlmann 13 Jan '12

13 Jan '12

Hello all, I'm currently busy to get things like this working: struct person { std::string name; int age; }; int main(int argc, char **argv) { person p; p.name = "Matthijs" p.age = 1234; std::string key = "name"; // Now try to fetch the value based on the key string. std::cout << p.{key} << std::endl; // does not compile return 0; } Of course above doesn't work for obvious reasons. The closest I get is: struct person { std::string name; int age; }; namespace keys { struct name; struct age; } BOOST_FUSION_ADAPT_ASSOC_STRUCT( person, (std::string, name, keys::name) (int, age, keys::age) ); int main(int argc, char **argv) { person x; x.name = "Matthijs"; x.age = 1234; std::cout << "Name: " << boost::fusion::at_key<keys::name>(x) << std::endl; std::cout << "Age: " << boost::fusion::at_key<keys::age>(x) << std::endl; return 0; } Now my question, is there maybe another way to achieve this? Regards, Matthijs Möhlmann Cacholong

2 1

boost::date_time with BOOST_DATE_TIME_POSIX_TIME_STD_CONFIG on MinGW: segfault on multithreading
by Yana A Kireyonok (aka Iron Bug) 13 Jan '12

13 Jan '12

Hello, everybody. Looks like I found a bug in date_time library when building with MinGW. I've built static boost 1.48.0 libraries under windows (Win7 64) with MinGW 3.20 (32 bit, GCC 4.6.1) with BOOST_DATE_TIME_POSIX_TIME_STD_CONFIG option and threading=multi link=static runtime-link=static address-model=32 In this case, when using threads (-mthreads) simple operations with timings fail. I simply created a thread that slept for some milliseconds ten times next and it fails. I traced a little, it fails inside date_time functions, called from this_thread::sleep() with SIGSEGV, segmentation fault. That happens in ctor of structure simple_time_rep, out of reasons, at first glance. Looks like this structure or maybe standard time functions of MinGW are not reentrant (this is my guess, I did not dig too deep in the causes of segfault). Without flag BOOST_DATE_TIME_POSIX_TIME_STD_CONFIG it's going all right with timings and threads. But when using precise timings and threading it fails. I also tried flags BOOST_HAS_WINTHREADS and _REENTRANT - that does not affect the case. BOOST_THREAD_USE_LIB was defined (to let it work with static libs). Is this a bug or problem of MinGW of certain version? I haven't found anything similar in bugtracker. Sincerely, Yana A. Kireyonok

1 0

const char* in shared memory object
by Sabine B 13 Jan '12

13 Jan '12

Hi all! I'm a newbie with boost and I'm struggling with objects in shared memory. The following struct is given: struct MyType{ int id; const char* name; const char* rep; MyType(){}; MyType(MyType* const& type){ id = type->id; name = type->name; rep = type->rep; }; Objects of MyType should be shared between processes in shared memory. I have no problem to put and extract the objects from shared space. But I'm struggling with the const char* pointers. I know that pointers are not allowed in shared memory, thats why I tried to realize with boost string by doing the following: typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<char,boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> CharAllocator; typedef boost::interprocess::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, CharAllocator> MyString; boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory segment(boost::interprocess::open_only, "MySharedMemory"); CharAllocator charallocator(segment.get_segment_manager()); struct MyType{ int id; MyString name; MyString rep; MyType(){}; MyType(MyType* const& type){ id = type->id; name = type->name; rep = type->rep; }; But this is not working because the segment and charallocator are not recognized in the struct and if I put boost::interprocess::managed_shared_memory segment(boost::interprocess::open_only, "MySharedMemory"); CharAllocator charallocator(segment.get_segment_manager()); In the struct I get compiler errors. Could anybody help me how I can realize const char* in an object that should be shared? Please help me! Thank you very much! Best regards, Sabine

2 2

Boost.Move template-function parameter
by Luke J. West 12 Jan '12

12 Jan '12

Hi. I'm trying to implement a template function that 'moves' it's parameter. Here's a simple moveable class... struct my_class { my_class() {} my_class(BOOST_RV_REF(my_class)) {} my_class& operator=(BOOST_COPY_ASSIGN_REF(my_class) c) {return *this;} BOOST_COPYABLE_AND_MOVABLE(my_class); }; And here is the function... template<typename T > void steal(BOOST_COPY_ASSIGN_REF(T) c) {} so it works fine when I do this... int main() { my_class c; steal<my_class >(c); } but not when I do this... int main() { int c; steal<int >(c); } It's as if 'int' is not a movable type which of course it trivially is. I read that Boost.Container classes are 'move aware' and I assume boost::vector<int > works, so what am I doing wrong - how to write my 'steal' function capable of moving it's argument when it's moveable class, but not breaking for primitives? Thanks, Luke (hopeful newbie!)

2 1

Question regarding boost::program_options
by Ankur Sinha 12 Jan '12

12 Jan '12

Hello, I've just started using boost. I'm making use of the program_options to take arguments for my tool. I've written the following: > mDesc.add_options() > ("help,h", "Print this usage message.") > ... > .... > .. > ("v-level,v",boost::program_options::value<int>(&mVerboseLevel),"Debug level: 1,2,3\n(default: 0)") > ("version",boost::program_options::value<std::string>()->zero_tokens(),"Package information: version etc.") > and then, I have a method, which I call in main(int argc, char **argv): > /* > *-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > * Class: Session > * Method: Session :: ParseCommandLine > * Description: Parse the command line > *-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > */ > int > Session::ParseCommandLine (int argc, char **argv) > { > boost::program_options::store(boost::program_options::parse_command_line(argc, argv, mDesc), mVariableMap); > /* notify required to save the values into my variables. */ > /* TODO: confirm this behaviour */ > boost::program_options::notify(mVariableMap); > > if (mVariableMap.count("help")) > { > std::cout << mDesc << std::endl; > return -1; > } > return 0; > } /* ----- end of method Session::ParseCommandLine ----- */ > However, when I invoke my tool, I get an exception (which I admit I haven't handled yet): > [ankur@ankur dump]$ ./src/test --version > terminate called after throwing an instance of 'boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<boost::exception_detail::error_info_injector<boost::program_options::validation_error> >' > what(): in option 'version': at least one value required > Aborted (core dumped) > [ankur@ankur dump]$ > I'm referring this document[1] which says that zero_tokens() implies an argument may or may not be provided. Why is the exception coming up saying I need "at least one value"? What am I missing? Another query: is notify() necessary to save the values provided on the command line to the variables I pass in the add_options() from the variable map (to mVerboseLevel for instance)? [1] http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_42_0/doc/html/program_options/overview.html -- Thanks, Regards, Ankur: "FranciscoD" http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/User:Ankursinha http://dodoincfedora.wordpress.com/

1 0

[BGL] creating a single vertex for the loop in a graph
by srinivas boppu 12 Jan '12

12 Jan '12

Hello All, I am looking for the following in boost graph. I have a graph in which I am able to find out the loops. Now, I wanted to replace the whole loop with a single vertex in the same Graph. Is that possible ? if it is, can you suggest me how do it. Alternate way could be, I copy the loop and make another graph and add this whole graph as a "vertex" in initial graph. Can I add a "graph" as a vertex to existing graph? Thanks and regards, Srinivas Boppu

3 2

Boost, git or svn?
by Robert Jones 12 Jan '12

12 Jan '12

I'm confused about the current status of the svn -> git transition,if indeed any such transition is occuring. Boost main page still seems refer to the old SVN repository, but vault references are to a git-hub server. Can someone supply a few sentences of explanation. Thx. - Rob.

3 3

[Range] Range adaptors and compatibility with non-adapted iterators
by John M. Dlugosz 12 Jan '12

12 Jan '12

Consider something like this: themap_type::iterator search_for (int val) { return boost::find_if (themap|map_values, my_predicate(val)); } The return from the function chokes because the adapted iterator type cannot be convered back to the original type of iterator in the parent collection. This is more general. If I wasn't just returning through but using the result within the function, how do I test against end to see if find_if was successful? auto it2= boost::find_if (themap|map_values, my_predicate(val)); if (it2 == themap::end()) // same problem! This seems to be a problem with any algorithm that returns an iterator or otherwise makes the iterators used within the algorithm visible outside of it, even if such usage is just as an "end" flag and not really used to locate the element within the original collection for subsequent iteration. Am I missing something? Is there a good reason why the filtered iterator can't give up the inner original iterator? How do you use range adaptors in these situations? —John

4 6

Help needed in creating Regex...
by Subhash Nagre 12 Jan '12

12 Jan '12

Hi everyone, I need a help in creating a regular expression, I need to select only "Sentences" in String using Regex so I wrote the Code .. *boost::regex re( "(\\S.+?[.!?])(?=\\s+|$)" );* This code considers that sentences break at any of these three characters . ! ? but this code considers string "Mr. Obama" as 2 difference sentences (being a dot character in between), where as I want it to be only one sentence. I have a got a string vector of all the words which have to excluded. std::vector<std:string>exceptionVector; exceptionVector.pushback("Mr.") exceptionVector.pushback("Dr.") exceptionVector.pushback("Mrs.") Now in my regex, I want that if any of the words occur from my vector, it should NOT be a seperate sentence. Any idea how can I create this Regular expression Thanks in Advance -Subhash

3 2

asio raw with PF_PACKET and promiscuous mode?
by Chris Cleeland 11 Jan '12

11 Jan '12

Before I reinvent the wheel, has anybody put together an asio encapsulation of Linux' AF_PACKET sockets with SOCK_RAW? Also, I'm trying to wrap my brain around how I might represent the concept of an "endpoint" for a socket like this. Rather than an IPv4/v6 address, one binds to an interface. So, while there is a concept of a resolver, it resolves an interface name to an interface index value. >From a C/system call perspective, I need to do the following to get the ball rolling: 1. s = socket(AF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL)) 2. sockaddr_ll myinterface = { .sll_family = AF_PACKET, .sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL), .sll_ifindex = interfaceIndex("eth0") }, then bind(s, &myinterface) 3. packet_mreq promiscuous_cmd = { .mr_ifindex = interfaceIndex("eth0"), .mr_type = PACKET_MR_PROMISC }, then setsockopt(s, PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &promiscuous_cmd) I'm pretty sure that for #1, I need a class packet that models the Protocol concept. But where to put the rest is a bit fuzzier. Do I need to create a whole new "resolver" for interface names? I guess I should also note that, at least for the moment, this is just a means to an end, rather than the end itself. So, I don't need to craft the entire thing--I need to get enough working to be able to easily write some code that can capture all network packets on a given interface, e.g., class snooper { public: snooper(std::string interfacename); void start(); void stop(); ... }; so I can just do something like snooper s("eth0"); s.start(); ...capture stuff... s.stop(); (I'm obviously omitting the part where snooper would hook into objects that would receive and process captured packets, but I'd like for that to work similar to how one plumbs up receipt of udp packets.) -- Chris Cleeland

1 0

casting shared pointers to derived classes
by Don Wilde 11 Jan '12

11 Jan '12

Greetings, all - I am updating a neural network package from the DOS days to modern C++ standards. I have a shared_ptr to a vector of shared_ptrs of type Layer. This class has derived classes OutputLayer, MiddleLayer and InputLayer. Each of these has their own method for calculating output updates, so I need to be able to cast. from boost::shared_ptr<Layer> to static_cast<OutputLayer*>(). Unfortunately, VC++ 2010 will not allow me to do so. It won't even allow a reinterpret_cast. I've looked on the Web and I also have Schalling's guide to Boost. Thank you in advance for your guidance. I'm using boost_1_47_0, if that makes a difference. :D

4 4

[Fwd: How to print the structure of vector of boost::variant]
by Baba Prasad 11 Jan '12

11 Jan '12

Dear friends, please see the bellow my code and tell me how to get out this problem please.when I try to print values of variant it's giving the error as: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const status_rsp&): worked.cpp:33: error: const struct status_rsp has no member named os worked.cpp:33: error: const class boost::variant<int, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_> has no member named channelid worked.cpp:33: error: expected ) before ; token worked.cpp:34: error: const class boost::variant<int, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost::detail::variant::void_, boost #include<vector> #include<iostream> #include<boost/variant.hpp> typedef int cid; typedef int n_queue; typedef boost::variant<chid> link_st_rs; typedef std::vector<link_st_rs> link_st_rs_list; typedef boost::variant<n_queue> link_de_rs; typedef std::vector<link_de_rs> link_de_rs_list; using namespace std; struct lparam { int value; }; typedef vector<lparam> link1; struct link_s_rsp { link1 ll; link_st_rs_list lsrl; link_de_rs_list ldrl; }; struct status_rsp { link_s_rsp rsp; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os , const status_rsp& sr) { os << "the value is " << sr.rsp.ll.front().value; os << "id" << sr.rsp.lsrl.front().chid; os << "val" << sr.rsp.ldrl.front().n_queue; return os; } }; typedef vector<status_rsp> srl; int main() { linkparam lp; lp.value =90; link_de_rs_list ldrl; lsrl.push_back(4); ldrl.push_back(3); status_rsp sr; sr.rsp.ll.push_back(lp); srl srl1; srl1.push_back(sr); link1::iterator iter2 = srl1.begin()->rsp.ll.begin(); cout << "A vlue is: " << iter2->value; link_st_rs_list::iterator iter3 = srl1.begin()->rsp.lsrl.begin(); cout << " B value " << iter3->chid; link_de_rs_list::iterator iter4 = srl1.begin()->rsp.ldrl.begin(); cout << "C value" < iter4->n_queue; cin.ignore(); return 0; } Best Regards BaBu -- This message has been scanned for viruses and dangerous content by MailScanner, and is believed to be clean.

2 1

Needs advices on design ( mpl or processor )
by Allan Nielsen 11 Jan '12

11 Jan '12

Hi This is not a specific questions directly related to Boost::mpl, but a request for help if somebody has the time... For the last couple of month I have been trying to learn to use the boost::mpl library. To learn to use the library I decided to use it for creating a "compressed-enum" library. The library should make it possible to store several enums in a single variable (for instance an unsigned int) Here is a simple example to give en idea: // example enums to play with struct TagA { enum Size { size = 4 }; enum Max { max = 3 }; enum E { A0 = 0, A1 = 1, A2 = 2, A3 = 3, }; }; struct TagB { enum Size { size = 4 }; enum Max { max = 3 }; enum E { B0 = 0, B1 = 1, B2 = 2, B3 = 3, }; }; struct TagC { enum Size { size = 4 }; enum Max { max = 3 }; enum E { C0 = 0, C1 = 1, C2 = 2, C3 = 3, }; }; struct First{}; struct Second{}; int main() { // using the compressed enums library typedef unsigned short STORAGE; typedef CompressedEnums< STORAGE, CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 1, TagA>, CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 4, TagB, First>, CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 16, TagB, Second>, CompressedEnumArray<STORAGE, 64, TagC, 5> > ENUMS; assert(sizeof(ENUMS) == 2)); ENUMS enums; enums.set<TagA>(TagA::A2); enums.set<Second>(TagB::B2); enums.set<3, TagC>(TagC::C2); cout << enums.get<TagA>() << " " << enums.get<Second>(TagB::B2) << " " << enums.get<3, TagC>(TagC::C2) << endl; } CompressedEnums contains the storage variable, and inherit from all its template arguments, and make their methods available through tags. CompressedEnum and CompressedEnumArray only contains static methods which can find the enum in the storage variable. Here is a snippet of my implementation: template < typename STORAGE_TYPE, int OFFSET, typename ENUM_CONTAINER, typename TAG = typename ENUM_CONTAINER::E > struct CompressedEnum { typedef TAG ACCESS_TAG; typedef typename ENUM_CONTAINER::E INNER_TYPE; enum Offset { offset = OFFSET }; enum Size { size = ENUM_CONTAINER::size }; static INNER_TYPE get(const STORAGE_TYPE& data) { return (INNER_TYPE)((data / OFFSET) % size); } ----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<-- } template < typename STORAGE_TYPE, typename B00 = Dummy< 0>, typename B01 = Dummy< 1>, typename B02 = Dummy< 2>, typename B03 = Dummy< 3> > struct CompressedEnums : public B00, B01, B02, B03 { typedef boost::mpl::map<boost::mpl::pair<typename B00::ACCESS_TAG, B00>, boost::mpl::pair<typename B01::ACCESS_TAG, B01>, boost::mpl::pair<typename B02::ACCESS_TAG, B02>, boost::mpl::pair<typename B03::ACCESS_TAG, B03> > TYPE_MAP; template<typename TAG> typename boost::mpl::at<TYPE_MAP, TAG>::type::INNER_TYPE get() const { return boost::mpl::at<TYPE_MAP, TAG>::type::get(data); } ----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<----%<-- STORAGE_TYPE data; }; The code works and does what it is suppose to (as far as I know) but I'm not very happy with the interface: typedef CompressedEnums< STORAGE, // 1 because it is the first CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 1, TagA>, // 4 because TagA::size == 4 CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 4, TagB, First>, // 16 because TagA::size * TagB::size == 16 CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 16, TagB, Second>, // 64 because TagA::size * TagB::size * TagB::size == 64 CompressedEnumArray<STORAGE, 64, TagC, 5> > ENUMS; These magic numbers makes it very easy to make bugs when the code is restructured or changed, and it should be possible to calculate them automatic. If the magic numbers are replaced with their expresions the code will still break of the arguemnts are reordered. To accomplice this I have considered two solutions: macro or more templating... Using macroes I imagin the interface could look something like this: typedef CompressedEnums< STORAGE, ENUM_PACK( STORAGE, 1, (CompressedEnum, TagA) (CompressedEnum, TagB, First) (CompressedEnum, TagB, Second) (CompressedEnumArray, TagC, 5) ) > ENUMS; Which then would expand to the code manual entered above. Alternative using template I imagin that CompressedEnums could change CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 0, TagB, Second> -> CompressedEnum<STORAGE, 16, TagB, Second> automatic and then derive from that one automatic. I tried both, but non of my idea worked out very well, which is why I hope that one of you c++ experts could give me some hints. Best regards Allan W. Nielsen

5 28

depth_first_visit
by James Lindsay 10 Jan '12

10 Jan '12

Hello, I've found several questions regarding the depth_first_visit algorithm but I can't find a complete example anywhere. I was wondering if someone could post a complete example of the depth_first_visit algorithm in action, including how you created the color map. Thanks

3 2

[BGL / General] member of struct is a reference - why?
by Max Limper 10 Jan '12

10 Jan '12

Hi everybody, I was just going through the "File Dependency" example for the graph library and found this piece of code which is a very simple cycle detector: struct cycle_detector : public dfs_visitor<> { cycle_detector( bool& has_cycle) : _has_cycle(has_cycle) { } template <class Edge, class Graph> void back_edge(Edge, Graph&) { _has_cycle = true; } protected: bool& _has_cycle; }; It takes a reference and manipulates the externally declared variable hasCyle via that reference. I tried to change hasCylce to a "regular" member variable, and I just want to read it afterwards, like cycle_detector detector(); boost::depth_first_search(graph, boost::visitor(detector)); if (detector.foundCycles) { //do something } I also thought about giving the cycle detector other member variables, like a list of back edges that gets filled. However, I found that none of those variables gets set the right way, starting with the very simple "bool hasCycle" member. I guess there must be a reason why the person that made the example chose to use a reference, and it only works that way... any ideas why? Thanks a lot in advance.

2 1

[C++ Now! 2012] Deadline extension: Call for Submissions, new deadline is January 20th, 2012
by Hartmut Kaiser 10 Jan '12

10 Jan '12

INAUGURAL C++ NOW! CONFERENCE 2012 Aspen CO, USA, May 14-18, 2012, www.cppnow.org CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS We invite you to submit session proposals to the Inaugural C++ Now! Conference: C++Now! 2012 (Aspen CO, USA, May 14 - 18, 2012). Based on the successful traditions of 5 years of BoostCon, which was the main face-to-face event for all things C++ and Boost (www.boost.org) C++Now! 2012 will present leading speakers from the whole C++ community. The conference name is changing to C++ Now! to reflect the current value of the language, the focus on its new state (from the new Standard), and the need to continually look to the future so the language remains useful to the C++ community. The focus of this conference will be the new C++11 language Standard and as usual Boost: what's new in C++, its Standard library, and in the Boost libraries, how to write and maintain them, how to evangelize or to deploy Boost within your organization. The new C++ Standard, but also the infrastructure and process of Boost, its vision and mission - no matter what you are interested in, it all comes together in the C++Now! sessions. Meet the colleagues, and feel the inspiration to support your work with C++ and Boost for the next year. The C++ Now! Conference is dedicated to discussion and education about C++, an open and free language and standard. Our Conference will focus on discussion and education about open source software usage and developments in the C++ developer and user community. To reflect the breadth of the C++ and Boost communities, the conference includes sessions aimed at three constituencies: C++ and Boost end-users, hard-core Boost library and tool developers, and researchers pushing the boundaries of computation. The program fosters interaction and engagement within and across those groups, with an emphasis on hands-on, participatory sessions. As a multi-paradigm language, C++ is a melting pot where the most compelling ideas from other programming communities are blended in powerful ways. Historically, some of the most popular sessions at C++Now! have highlighted these concepts, from DSLs to functional programming to transactional memory and more. Bring your C#, Python, Ruby or Haskell influences to bear in an environment that will broaden their exposure. IMPORTANT DATES New proposal submissions due: January 20th, 2012. UPDATED! Proposals decisions sent (tentative program): February 17th, 2012. Fully scheduled program available: February 25th, 2012. Session materials due: April 15th, 2012. BEST PRESENTATION AWARDS We know how much effort it takes to prepare talks for our conference. For this reason we will award the best presentations in the following categories: Best Presentation, Best Short Presentation, Best Tutorial, and Best Workshop. The awards will be given based on the audience's voting. Each award will include the author's name listed on the cover of the C++Now! website for that year and a plaque containing all the C++Now! conference information. SESSION TOPICS Topics of interest include, but are not restricted to, the following: * C++11 and how it changes life for users and library writers * General tutorial sessions on C++11, the C++11 Standardslibrary, and one or more Boost libraries * In-depth sessions on using specific Boost libraries * Case studies on using Boost * Experts panels * Advanced sessions on implementation techniques used within Boost libraries * Development workshops to extend or enhance existing Boost libraries * Workshops on design process * Infrastructure workshops such as Build tools, Website, Testing * Concepts and Generic Programming * Hardware and infrastructure presentations focused on how libraries can make better use of the technology * Software development tools and their application to C++ and or Boost * Other topics likely to be of great interest to Boost users and developers Interactive and collaborative sessions are encouraged, as this is the style of learning and participation that has proven most successful at such events. Sessions can be tutorial based, with an emphasis on interaction and participant involvement, or workshop based, whether hands-on programming or paper-based, discussion-driven collaborative work. SESSION FORMATS Presentations Presentations focus on a practitioner's ideas and experience with anything relevant to C++11, Boost and users. Panels Panels feature three or four people presenting their ideas and experiences relating to C++11 and Boost's relevant, controversial, emerging, or unresolved issues. Panels may be conducted in several ways, such as comparative, analytic, or historic. Tutorials Tutorials are sessions at which instructors teach conference participants specific skills relevant to C++11 and Boost. Workshops Workshops provide an active arena for advancements In Boost-relevant topics. Workshops provide the opportunity for experienced practitioners to develop new ideas about a topic of common interest and experience. Author's Corner These were introduced at BoostCon 2008, and were a great Presentations success They are short (30 minute) sessions, focusing on tips on usage and design. In addition, we're looking to uncover the hidden design gems in Boost libraries. Tool Vendors We actively encourage tool vendors and ISP's to submit presentations proposals for a special Tool Vendors Session Track aimed at products related to Boost and C++ (compilers, libraries, tools, etc.). Other formats may also be of interest. Don't hold back a proposal just because it doesn't fit into a pigeonhole. SUBMITTING A PROPOSAL Standard Sessions are 60 minutes. You may submit a proposal for fractions or multiples of 90-minutes. Fractional proposals will be grouped into 60 minute sessions covering related topics. Longer sessions, such as tutorials and classes, will be assigned 90 minute, three hour (i.e. half day), or six hour (i.e. full day) time slots. Please include: * The working title. * Type of session: presentation, panel, tutorial, workshop, authors corner, vendor track, other. * A paragraph or two describing the topic covered, suitable for the conference web site. * Proposed length: 10-20 minute short talks, 45 minutes, 90 minutes, half day, full day. * Alternate lengths, if you are willing to make adjustments: 10- 20 minute short-talks, 45 minutes, 90 minutes, half-day, full day. * Audience: users, developers, both. * Level: basic, intermediate, advanced. * A biography, suitable for the conference web site. * Your contact information (will not be made public). SUBMISSION DETAILS All submissions should be made through the EasyChair conference management system: http://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=cppnow2012. If you have not already registered at EasyChair, you will need to do so in order to submit your proposal. All submissions will go through a peer review process. Authors are invited (but are not required) to submit PDF versions of full papers of up to 10 pages in ACM conference proceedings format (see http://www.acm.org/sigs/publications/proceedings-templates) The full papers are not required unless you want them published in the proceedings. All accepted proposals will be made available in the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library (approval pending). Best papers, after further reviews, will be considered to be book chapters or journal articles in a renowned journal. The session materials go on the C++Now! website and will be available to attendees. For general information on the C++Now! 2012 paper submission or the scope of technical papers solicited, please refer to the conference website at www.cppnow.org. For any other questions about the submission process or paper format, please contact the Program Committee at cppnow2012(a)easychair.com. If you have any technical problems with EasyChair, please contact EasyChair for help. Note: Presenters must agree to grant a non-exclusive perpetual license to publish submitted materials, either electronically or in print, in any media related to C++ Now!. Hartmut Kaiser, email: hartmut.kaiser(a)gmail.com (Program Committee Chair) Dave Abrahams, email: dave(a)boostpro.com (Conference Chair) On behalf of the conference organizers

1 0

Quick Unit Test Question
by Brad Tilley 10 Jan '12

10 Jan '12

Hey everyone, I can make BOOST_CHECK produce a failure message like this: BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_case2 ) { BOOST_CHECK( 1+1 == 3 ); } But when I try BOOST_WARN, all tests pass: BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_case3 ) { BOOST_WARN( 1+1 == 3 ); } Running 3 test cases... *** No errors detected Perhaps I'm doing something wrong. Can someone point me in the right direction? Both BOOST_REQUIRE and BOOST_CHECK work OK. It's only BOOST_WARN that does not work for my testing. Thanks, Brad

5 7

Boost Review Wizard Report for January 2012
by Ronald Garcia 10 Jan '12

10 Jan '12

============================================== Review Wizard Status Report for January 2012 ============================================== News ==== 1. Type Traits Library Extensions Accepted 2. AutoIndex Tool Accepted 3. Heaps Library Accepted 4. Assign v2 Library Rejected 5. Type Traits Introspection Library Accepted 6. Lockfree Library Accepted 7. Algorithm Library Accepted 8. Atomic Library Accepted 9. Local Library Accepted 10. Context Mini-review Ongoing Open Issues =========== The following libraries have been reviewed and await reports from their review managers: * Conversion - reviewed August 2011; review manager: Gordon Woodhull. The following libraries have been accepted to Boost, but have not yet been submitted to SVN: * Constrained Value - accepted September 2010; author: Robert Kawulak * GIL.IO - accepted January 2011; author: Christian Henning. * Atomic - accepted July 2011; author Helge Bahmann * Lockfree - accepted August 2011; author: Tim Blechmann. * Algorithm - accepted December 2011; author: Marshall Clow The following libraries have been accepted and submitted to SVN, but have not yet appeared in a release: * Heaps - accepted June 2011; author: Tim Blechmann. * Type Traits Introspection - accepted August 2011; author: Edward Diener. The following libraries have been accepted provisionally to Boost, but have not been submitted for mini-review and full acceptance: * Log - accepted provisionally March 2010; author: Andrey Semashev. * Endian - accepted provisionally November 2011; author: Beman Dawes. After repeated failed attempts to contact the author, the following library has been marked as Orphaned. * Switch library, accepted provisionally January 2008 author: Steven Watanabe. General Announcements ===================== As always, we need experienced review managers. Please take a look at the list of libraries in need of managers and check out their descriptions. In general review managers are active boost participants, including library contributors, infrastructure contributors, and other mailing list participants with a substantial track record of constructive participation. If you can serve as review manager for any of them, email Ron Garcia or John Phillips, "rxg at cs dot cmu dot edu" and "phillips at pacific dot mps dot ohio-state dot edu" respectively. We are also suffering from a lack of reviewers. While we all understand time pressures and the need to complete paying work, the strength of Boost is based on the detailed and informed reviews submitted by you. If you are interested in reviewing a library but won't have time during the review period, you can always prepare your review ahead of time. No rule says you can only work on a review during the review period. A link to this report will be posted to www.boost.org. If you would like us to make any modifications or additions to this report before we do that, please email Ron or John. The review schedule is an unordered list of the libraries awaiting review. As such, any library on the schedule can be reviewed once the developer is ready, a review manager has been secured, and the manager, developer, and wizards agree on a date to schedule the review. Review Schedule =============== * Join (M) * Pimpl (M) * Sorting (M) * Quaternions, Vectors, Matrices (M) * Variadic Macro Data (M) * Block Pointer (M) * Network (M) * Singularity (M) * Predef (M) ``(M)`` marks libraries that need review managers. -------------------- Join ---- :Author: Yigong Liu :Review Manager: Needed :Download: http://channel.sourceforge.net/ :Description: Join is an asynchronous, message based C++ concurrency library based on join calculus. It is applicable both to multi-threaded applications and to the orchestration of asynchronous, event-based applications. It follows Comega's design and implementation and builds with Boost facilities. It provides a high level concurrency API with asynchronous methods, synchronous methods, and chords which are "join-patterns" defining the synchronization, asynchrony, and concurrency. Pimpl ----- :Author: Vladimir Batov :Review Manager: Needed :Download: | `Boost Vault <http://www.boost-consulting.com/vault/index.php?action=downloadfile&fil…>`__ | http://www.ddj.com/cpp/205918714 (documentation) :Description: The Pimpl idiom is a simple yet robust technique to minimize coupling via the separation of interface and implementation and then implementation hiding. This library provides a convenient yet flexible and generic deployment technique for the Pimpl idiom. It's seemingly complete and broadly applicable, yet minimal, simple and pleasant to use. Sorting ------- :Author: Steven Ross :Review Manager: Needed :Download: `Boost Vault <http://www.boostpro.com/vault/index.php?action=downloadfile&filename=al…>`__ :Description: A grouping of 3 templated hybrid radix/comparison-based sorting algorithms that provide superior worst-case and average-case performance to std::sort: integer_sort, which sorts fixed-size data types that support a rightshift (default of >>) and a comparison (default of <) operator. float_sort, which sorts standard floating-point numbers by safely casting them to integers. string_sort, which sorts variable-length data types, and is optimized for 8-bit character strings. All 3 algorithms have O(n(k/s + s)) runtime where k is the number of bits in the data type and s is a constant, and limited memory overhead (in the kB for realistic inputs). In testing, integer_sort varies from 35% faster to 2X as fast as std::sort, depending on processor, compiler optimizations, and data distribution. float_sort is roughly 70% faster than std::sort. string_sort is roughly 2X as fast as std::sort. Quaternions, Vectors, Matrices ------------------------------ :Author: Emil Dotchevski :Review Manager: Needed :Download: http://www.revergestudios.com/boost-qvm/ :Description: QVM defines a set of generic functions and operator overloads for working with quaternions, vectors and matrices of static size. The library also defines vector and matrix data types, however it allows users to introduce their own types by specializing the q_traits, v_traits and m_traits templates. Variadic Macro Data ------------------- :Author: Edward Diener :Review Manager: Needed :Download: `Boost Sandbox <http://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/sandbox/variadic_macro_data/>`__ :Description: The variadic_macro_data library adds support and functionality for variadic macros to Boost as well as integrating variadic macros with the Boost PP library without changing the latter library in any way. Block Pointer ------------- :Author: Phil Bouchard :Review Manager: Needed :Download: `Boost Sandbox <https://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/sandbox/block_ptr/>`__ :Description: Deterministic memory manager of constant complexity capable of handling cyclic collections. Network ------- :Author: Dean Michael Berris :Review Manager: Needed :Download: http://cplusplus-soup.com/2011/04/18/cpp-netlib-0-9-0-released/ :Description: This is a library that provides application layer protocol support using modern C++ techniques. It is light-weight, fast, cross-platform and is intended to be as easy to configure as possible. Singularity ----------- :Author: Ben Robinson :Review Manager: Needed :Download: https://github.com/icaretaker/Singularity :Description: The Singularity Design Pattern allows you to restrict any class to a single instance. Unlike the infamous Singleton, Singularity gives you direct control over the lifetime of the object, does not require you to grant global access to the object, nor does it limit you to the default constructor for that object. Predef ------ :Author: Rene Rivera :Review Manager: Needed :Download: http://tinyurl.com/73n6a3k :Description: The Predef library implements two simple tasks: 1. Definition of a single version number macro to provide consistent version number at the preprocessor level. 2. A collection of detected definitions for compilers, standard libraries, architectures, operating systems, and languages. Unlike the Boost Config Library it doesn't define language features and capabilities. But only defines presence of detected compilation context. Documentation and downloads are available in the sandbox.. Libraries under development =========================== See http://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/wiki/LibrariesUnderConstruction for a current listing of libraries under development.

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Re: [Boost-users] [Multi Index] equal_range from templated function fails to compile with gcc 4.6.1
by Jacob Metcalfe 10 Jan '12

10 Jan '12

Thanks for the quick reply, 51566 does seem very similar. I do not experience the issue from bug 9810 in any of the compilers where I have managed to reproduce the bug - from a quick look it looks somewhat different - and unfortunately changes to access_specifier.hpp don't solve the issue (changing the inheritance modifier or access modifiers in the derived class also does not seem to help). I experimented with a few changes but the only case that got rid of the error was the obvious change of making node_type public in index_base.hpp. In terms of gcc versions - so far I have reproduced the issue with 4.6.1, 4.6.2 and 4.5.2. Jacob.

2 2

extract objects from vector in shared memory
by Sabine B 09 Jan '12

09 Jan '12

Hello! I have again a question to using the boost vector with shared memory objects. I managed inserting the objects of type "MyType" into the vector with the following code: typedef boost::interprocess::allocator<MyType*, managed_shared_memory::segment_manager> ShmemAllocator; typedef boost::interprocess::vector<MyType*, ShmemAllocator> MyVector; struct shm_remove{ shm_remove(){shared_memory_object::remove("MySharedMemory");} ~shm_remove(){shared_memory_object::remove("MySharedMemory");} }remover; managed_shared_memory segment(create_only, "MySharedMemory", 65536); const ShmemAllocator alloc_inst(segment.get_segment_manager()); MyVector *vector = segment.construct<MyVector>("Vector")(alloc_inst); MyType *mytype = segment.construct<MyType>(anonymous_instance)(); MyVector->push_back(mytype); The problem is that I can't manage to extract the object from the vector. I always get a null pointer or a pointer to somewhere. This is the code for the child process: managed_shared_memory segment(open_only, "MySharedMemory"); vector = segment.find<MyVector>("Vector").first; MyType *mytype = vector->at(1); // program crashes when I try to print members of the object MyType or MyType mytype = (MyType&)vector->at(1); // object is empty Does anybody have any hint or an idea what I'm doing wrong? Thank you very much for your help! Best regards, Sabine

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[Multi Index] equal_range from templated function fails to compile with gcc 4.6.1
by Jacob Metcalfe 09 Jan '12

09 Jan '12

I’m having issues compiling some multi_index_container code after upgrading from gcc 4.3.4 to gcc 4.6.1 and wondering if anyone can shed some light. Perhaps this should be directed to gcc, but I have not been able to reduce this to not include multi_index. The contrived code below is the furthest I have been able to reduce the problem so far:**** ** ** 1 #include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>**** 2 #include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>**** 3 #include <boost/multi_index/member.hpp>**** 4 #include <boost/multi_index/composite_key.hpp>**** 5**** 6 using namespace boost::multi_index;**** 7**** 8 struct Data{**** 9 double _d;**** 10 };**** 11**** 12 typedef multi_index_container< Data,**** 13 indexed_by< ordered_non_unique<**** 14 composite_key< Data, member<Data, double, &Data::_d> >**** 15 > >**** 16 > Map;**** 17**** 18 template <int T>**** 19 void foo(){**** 20 Map mi;**** 21 mi.get<0>().equal_range(boost::make_tuple(0.0));**** 22 }**** 23 int main(){**** 24 foo<5>();**** 25 }**** ** ** The failures from gcc 4.6.1 are:**** ** ** boost/multi_index/detail/index_base.hpp: In function 'void foo() [with int T = 5]':**** boost/multi_index/detail/index_base.hpp:49:47: error: 'typedef struct boost::multi_index::detail::index_node_base<Data, std::allocator<Data> > boost::multi_index::detail::index_base<Data, boost ::multi_index::indexed_by<boost::multi_index::ordered_non_unique<boost ::multi_index::composite_key<Data, boost::multi_index::member<Data, double, &Data::_d> > > >, std::allocator<Data> >::node_type' is protected**** tstmi.cpp:24:10: error: within this context**** ** ** ** ** This code appears to compile fine under 4.3.4 and would compile with 4.6.1 if the useless template at line 18 was removed.**** ** ** Many thanks

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[boost.build] packaging with dependencies symbolic links
by Christophe Bourez 09 Jan '12

09 Jan '12

Hi, I have an executable project depending on other 3rd libraries (log4cplus, libxml2 ...). For each of these 3rd libraries, we recreate the missing Jamroot file. The executable is built (g++ under linux) with <link>shared property. When packaging, no symlinks to 3rd libraries are generated. Investigating boost.build, I found the property <install-no-version-symlinks> (Its default and unique value is 'on'). Is it related? If yes, may I workaround it? How can I package my executable with symlinks to 3rd library ? Thank you, Christophe

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Re: [Boost-users] Needs advices on design ( mpl or processor )
by Alex Perry 07 Jan '12

07 Jan '12

On 07 January 2012 23:28 Alex Perry wrote:- > I've been following this thread despite being a total novice with mpl (and > template meta-programming in general). However I'm not quite sure why > you are trying to pass the offset through the templates in the 1st place - can't > you just use standard : syntax and let the compiler work out the offsets? Oops just read some more messages in the thread and now understand what you were trying to do (which wasn't what I was doing at all) Sorry for the noise Alex

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Re: [Boost-users] Needs advices on design ( mpl or processor )
by Alex Perry 07 Jan '12

07 Jan '12

On Sat 07/01/2012 08:42 Allan Nielsen <a(a)awn.dk> wrote:- >I will try to illustrate my design problem in a more simple example: > >struct TagA { > enum Size { size = 4 }; > enum E { A0 = 0, A1 = 1, A2 = 2, A3 = 3, }; }; > ... I've been following this thread despite being a total novice with mpl (and template meta-programming in general). However I'm not quite sure why you are trying to pass the offset through the templates in the 1st place - can't you just use standard : syntax and let the compiler work out the offsets? Eg enum A { A0,A1,A2,A3,A4 }; enum B { B0,B1,B2,B3,B4 }; template <typename type1, int t1_numbits, typename type2, int t2_numbits> struct packed { type1 first : t1_numbits; type2 second : t2_numbits; }; Obviously accessing members via a name like first is far from ideal and specifying the size in the template would make this really unusable. However at this point my lack of knowledge of mpl kicks in - I'm sure there is some clever way of coding this up so that packed<A,B,C> is defined like mpl::vector<> which could provide a clean way of accessing the members. My total naive first attempt using partial specialisations on member functions sort of works under MSVC but fails totally on gcc - not sure if this is because this is a MS extension or whether its C++11 and so would work on a newer gcc - it works with VS2010 and VS2008 (I don't think there are any C++0x extensions in 2008) on windows 7 and fails to compile with gcc 4.1.2 on Linux. Linux errors start with :- test.cpp:53: error: explicit specialization in non-namespace scope 'struct packed<type1, type2, type3, type4>' test.cpp:53: error: enclosing class templates are not explicitly specialized It's also relying on the (probably nearly always true) assumption that the enum types packed together would always be unique so that using the type of the enum can find the unique member - this assumption should at least have some sort of compile assertion on it (mpl again I guess). It seems like an awful lot of boiler plate code would have to live behind the scenes to make this anything like useable though so not sure its worth exploring as a possible method but just in case it helps :- #include <iostream> //An enum we want to be able to compress enum A{A0,A1,A2,A3,A4}; //The bit size information for enum as per previous example code (NB this is actually wrong 3 is big enough to hold 0-7 but heck ...) struct tagA { typedef enum A enum_type; enum { size=4 }; }; //Wrapper for above tag info just to save typeing having shown it done manually above template <typename enumType,int size_ = 4> struct tag { typedef enumType enum_type; enum { size=size_ }; }; //Another couple of enums and tag structures for bit sizes enum B{B0,B1,B2,B3,B4}; typedef tag<B,4> tagB; enum C{ C0,C1,C2,C3,C4 }; typedef tag<C,3> tagC; //Just to check that size is actually doing something enum D{ D0,D1,D2,D3,D4 }; typedef tag<D,4> tagD; //Our packed structure template <typename type1,typename type2, typename type3, typename type4 > struct packed { //Just for clarity typedef typename type1::enum_type first_type; typedef typename type2::enum_type second_type; typedef typename type3::enum_type third_type; typedef typename type4::enum_type fourth_type; typedef packed<type1,type2,type3,type4> thistype; //Our packed enums using the specified bit sizes first_type first : type1::size; second_type second : type2::size; third_type third : type3::size; fourth_type fourth : type4::size; //All following is just to provide a simple get/set syntax rather than accessing via member names struct fail {}; //Only used for general case - fail will not convert to T hence compile error when used template <typename T> T get() const { return fail; }; //Specialisations to provide access to the (unique) members based on their types template<> first_type get<first_type>() const { return first;} template<> second_type get<second_type>() const { return second;} template<> third_type get<third_type>() const { return third;} template<> fourth_type get<fourth_type>() const { return fourth;} //May as well define == using the get() - note extra specialisation for whole structure equality template <typename T> bool operator == (T const & other ) const { return get<T>() == other; } template <> bool operator ==<thistype>(thistype const & other ) const { return other==get<type1::enum_type>() && other==get<type2::enum_type>() && other==get<type3::enum_type>() && other==get<type4::enum_type>(); } template <typename T> void set(T val) { return fail; }; //Specialisations to provide access to the (unique) members based on their types template<> void set<first_type>(first_type val) { first = val;} template<> void set<second_type>(second_type val) { second = val;} template<> void set<third_type>(third_type val) { third = val;} template<> void set<fourth_type>(fourth_type val) { fourth = val;} //May as well define operator = for convenient syntax l template <typename T> T operator =(T val) { set<T>(val); return val; }; }; //Oh yuk but it would be nice to pass the actual enum names rather than the tag structure name into our template //I couldn't think of any easy way other than a macro but surely there is some neater solution. #define make_packed_type(A,B,C,D) packed<tag##A,tag##B,tag##C,tag##D> int main( int , char** ) { packed<tagA,tagB,tagC,tagD> test; make_packed_type(A,B,C,D) test2; //Try the macro version test.first = A3; //Using the specific member name test.set<B>( B4 ); //Using template specialisation of member function test.set( C1 ); //Same but using ADL test = D3; //ADL on operator = test2 = A3; test2 = B4; test2 = C1; test2 = D3; //Hmm having 2nd thoughts on this syntax - it's probably too confusing and unexpected to allow std::cout << "In test A is " << test.first << " B is " << test.get<B>() << " C is " << test.get<C>() << " D is " << test.get<D>() << std::endl; std::cout << "Sizeof of test is " << sizeof( test ) << std::endl; std::cout << "Piecewise equality check is" << " ==A3 " << ((test == A3)?"true":"false") << " ==B4 " << ((test == B4)?"true":"false") << " ==C1 " << ((test == C1)?"true":"false") << " ==D3 " << ((test == D3)?"true":"false") << std::endl; std::cout << "Overall equality check test == test2 is " << (( test == test2 )?"true":"false") << std::endl; return 0; } Which returns (on windows) In test A is 3 B is 4 C is 1 D is 3 Sizeof of test is 4 Piecewise equality check is ==A3 true ==B4 true ==C1 true ==D3 true Overall equality check test == test2 is true As I said before don't know if this is of any use whatsoever to you (but it allowed me to avoid doing some real work while playing!) - As shown in the output the size of the structure is 4 bytes so is packing the 4 enums down into 1 int (without the : syntax used the sizeof this structure is 16 bytes) Alex

1 0

boost ASIO/serialisation with different boost version. Bug or feature ?
by Avi Bahra 07 Jan '12

07 Jan '12

Currently I have built a client/server that uses ASIO with boost serialization. I built one set with boost 1.45 and another with boost 1.47 However: o start boost 1.45 server o ping using 1.47 client I get a boost::archive::archive_exception unsupported version o start boost 1.47 server o ping with boost 1.45 client Again I get a boost::archive::archive_exception unsupported version Given that there was no change in format of the ping, is this bug or feature ? Is there any way of disabling this feature of the archive , so exception is only thrown when there is format change? Any help appreciated. Ta, Avi

2 1

Register variadic template as tags in a boost::mpl::map
by Allan Nielsen 07 Jan '12

07 Jan '12

In the following code, why can't I look up BB and CC in the mpl::map type_map? I would expect the map to look like this: map < pair<AA, A< xx > >, pair<BB, B< xx > >, pair<CC, C< xx > > > But it does not seem like this is the case... #include <iostream> #include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/map.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/at.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/insert.hpp> struct AA {}; struct BB {}; struct CC {}; template<int OFFSET> struct A { typedef AA T; enum O { offset = OFFSET }; enum S { size = 2 }; }; template<int OFFSET> struct B { typedef AA T; enum O { offset = OFFSET }; enum S { size = 4 }; }; template<int OFFSET> struct C { typedef AA T; enum O { offset = OFFSET }; enum S { size = 4 }; }; template < template <int> class Head, template <int> class... Tail> struct X : public Head< X<Tail...>::size * X<Tail...>::offset >, public X<Tail...> { typedef Head< X<Tail...>::size * X<Tail...>::offset > _Head; enum O { offset = X<Tail...>::size * X<Tail...>::offset }; enum S { size = _Head::size * X<Tail...>::size }; typedef typename boost::mpl::insert < typename X<Tail...>::type_map, boost::mpl::pair<typename _Head::T, _Head > >::type type_map; template <typename T> int get_offset() { return boost::mpl::at<type_map, T>::type:: offset; } }; // base case template < template <int> class Head> struct X<Head> : public Head<1> { enum O { offset = Head<1>::offset }; enum S { size = Head<1>::size }; typedef boost::mpl::map< boost::mpl::pair< typename Head<1>::T, Head<1> > > type_map; }; int main() { X< A, B, C > x1; std::cout << x1.get_offset<CC>() << std::endl; // generates compile errors //std::cout << x1.get_offset<BB>() << std::endl; //std::cout << x1.get_offset<CC>() << std::endl; return 0; }

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[BGL] getting an edge_descriptor of a reverse_graph
by Alex Hagen-Zanker 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

I upgraded from boost 1.45 to 1.48 and there are some breaking changes related to reverse_graph The main problem that I encounter is that boost::edge(u ,v, graph) returns a edge_descriptor to the graph that underlies reverse_graph, rather than reverse_graph itself . The following therefore does not compile: template<typename Graph> void foo(Graph& graph) { boost::graph_traits<Graph>::edge_descriptor e = boost::edge(0, 1, graph).first; } int main() { boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::bidirectionalS> graph(2); foo(graph); // this line compiles foo(boost::make_reverse_graph(graph)); // this line does not compile } Do you have suggestions how to rewrite foo(Graph& graph) in order to generically work for both plain and reversed graphs? For now I have rewritten the boost::edge function in reverse_graph.hpp to return a pair<reverse_graph_edge_descriptor, bool> but that does not seem right. Thanks, Alex

2 6

unexpected behaviour of filtering_ostream
by Ed Keith 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

I have the following code: int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { io::filtering_ostream out; out.push(std::cout); out << "this is a test" << endl; out << std::cin.rdbuf(); } when I run it the string "this is a test" gets sent to cout, but input type into cin does not get echoed to cout. Can anyone clue my in as to why not? -EdK Ed Keith e_d_k(a)yahoo.com Blog: edkeith.blogspot.com

2 1

building boost.log on OSX 10.7.2 with boost 1_48
by Chris Bartlett 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

Hi all, I'm trying to build boost.log. I had it built and working against boost 1_47. I now have a clean 1_47 install on OSX (10.7.2) and I pulled boost.log from the trunk in sourceforge: https://boost-log.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/boost-log/trunk/ but when I build it, it reports that it needs 1_48. no problem - i'l build a boost 1_48 install and try that… boost 1_48 installed fine. I downloaded the boost.log from trunk and updated my kit and ran: ./bootstrap.sh -with-libraries=log --prefix=/usr/local --includedir=/usr/local/include --libdir=/usr/local/lib followed by: sudo ./b2 and I get the following: ...found 2606 targets... ...updating 9 targets... darwin.compile.c++ bin.v2/libs/log/build/darwin-4.2.1/release/threading-multi/tick_count.o libs/log/src/tick_count.cpp:220:5: error: #error Boost.Log: POSIX timers not supported on your platform "g++" -ftemplate-depth-128 -O3 -finline-functions -Wno-inline -Wall -dynamic -no-cpp- precomp -gdwarf-2 -fexceptions -fPIC -DBOOST_ALL_NO_LIB=1 DBOOST_DATE_TIME_DYN_LINK=1 - DBOOST_FILESYSTEM_DYN_LINK=1 -DBOOST_LOG_BUILDING_THE_LIB=1 -DBOOST_LOG_DLL - DBOOST_LOG_USE_NATIVE_SYSLOG=1 -DBOOST_SYSTEM_DYN_LINK=1 -DBOOST_THREAD_POSIX - DBOOST_THREAD_USE_DLL=1 - DDATE_TIME_INLINE -DNDEBUG -I"." -c -o "bin.v2/libs/log/build/darwin-4.2.1/release/threading-multi/tick_count.o" "libs/log/src/tick_count.cpp" Anyone shed any light on this? has the latest version of boost.log not been built on OSX lion? any help gratefully received, Chris

1 0

boost test: link time errors/regressions with boost 1.47 test
by Avi Bahra 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

I have been using/linking with boost test, 1.39 -->1.45 Boost unit-test has been very robust on the whole However migrating to 1.47 I am getting links errors of the form: ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .boost::unit_test::ut_detail::auto_test_unit_registrar::auto_test_unit_registrar(boost::unit_test::basic_cstring<const char>) ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .boost::unit_test::unit_test_log_t::set_checkpoint(boost::unit_test::basic_cstring<const char>,unsigned long,boost::unit_test::basic_cstring<const char>) ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .boost::test_tools::tt_detail::check_impl(const boost::test_tools::predicate_result&,const boost::unit_test::lazy_ostream&,boost::unit_test::basic_cstring<const char>,unsigned long,boost::test_tools::tt_detail::tool_level,boost::test_tools::tt_detail::check_type,unsigned long,...) ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .boost::unit_test::ut_detail::normalize_test_case_name(boost::unit_test::basic_cstring<const char>) ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .boost::unit_test::test_case::test_case(boost::unit_test::basic_cstring<const char>,const boost::unit_test::callback0<boost::unit_test::ut_detail::unused>&) The problem is on AIX 5.3. using v11.1 compiler linking with libboost_unit_test_framework-mt-d.a has always worked in the past. The library compiles and links without any errors on other platforms like HPUX/acc,linux32/gcc,linux64/gcc Any help appreciated Best regards, Ta, Avi

1 0

Get All Words Offset in String using Boost regex
by S Nagre 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

Hello, I wish to determine the "start" and "length" of all the completed words in a string using Boost Regex For example I have a String "*Hello World and Google*" I would like to create a map like this... 1, 5 //First Character position and Length of Word "Hello" 7, 5 // First Character position and Length of Word World 14, 3 //First Character position and Length of Word "And" 18, 6 // First Character position and Length of Word "Google" This is the code I have written.. void CreateOffSetMap(std::string completeInStr) { std::map<int32, int32>OffSetMap; std::string escapeChar = "\\" ; std::string bChar = "b"; std::string dotChar = "."; std::string findWordInStr = escapeChar + bChar + dotChar + escapeChar + bChar; boost::regex regExpression(findWordInStr); boost::smatch what; std::string::const_iterator start = completeInStr.begin(); std::string::const_iterator end = completeInStr.end(); while (boost::regex_search(start, end, what, regExpression)) { int32 foundPos = what.position(); int32 foundLen = what.length(); int32 endOffSet = startOffSet + foundLen; std::string foundString(start + foundPos, start + foundPos + foundLen); OffSetMap[foundPos] = foundLen; start += foundPos + foundLen; } } But is not working correct as expected, Could Anyone tell me where I am doing wrong here ? Thanks in Advance Subhash

2 2

[Graph] need suggestion
by srinivas boppu 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

Hello All, I need a graph structure as follows. (Here my input is a Graph which I call it as " Control Flow Graph".) On this "Control Flow Graph", I run a algorithm it creates another graph, and on that I will run again the algorithm, it will create another "Graph" and it continues until it become a "Single Node". I should be able to access all the Graphs in each stage and my original graph information should be untouched. What is the best way to do it ? Any suggestions ? (Actually, I am trying to solve one problem using "Interval Based Analysis" of Control Flow Graphs. I would like to divide the given main control flow graph into disjoint intervals. You can have a look at the following link for more information http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/106108052/module9/control-flow-ana-2.pdf ) Regards, Srinivas

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Boost.Date_Time - Visual C++ 6
by asif saeed 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

Hi, Can DateTime build on Visual C++ 6? Has somebody already done it? Can you please point me to some online step-by-step instructions, a blog post or something that can help me to accomplish this? Thanks in advance, Asif

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Boost::shared::memory consistency
by Josmon Paul 06 Jan '12

06 Jan '12

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[BGL] Finding the descriptor for a given vertex
by Kelvin Chung 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

Suppose I have the following: template <class T> class Graph { // Adapter class that I use for my purposes typedef typename boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::directedS, T> innerGraph; typedef typename boost::graph_traits<innerGraph>::vertex_descriptor VertexDescriptor; innerGraph G; public: void addVertex(const T& vertex); bool containsVertex(const T& vertex) const; void addEdge(const T& from, const T& to); // More stuff here }; The intent of this adapter class is to basically abstract out all the mentions of stuff like the descriptors and such. So a good helper function to this end would be a function that retrieves the VertexDescriptor for a given T, if it exists. Is there such a function already in the BGL, or do I have to manage that separately (ie. having an external map)?

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Auto-Linking in Visual Studio 2008
by Robert Abel 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

Hi, I recently began using boost in a project on Windows using MS Visual Studio 9.0 2008 using CMake, i.e. the project setup is auto-generated using the correct boost libraries as link targets. In my project, I link to boost_thread*.lib, which should be the import library for boost_thread*.dll. However, when I compile the project, the I get the following linking error: > Error 43 fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file > 'libboost_thread-vc90-mt-1_48.lib' rsb-chat-1 rsb-chat-1 So it seems necessary to have the static library present as well when linking the executable. At first I thought this was the default auto-linking behavior described in the documentation, i.e. static linking. However, once all needed static libraries are supplied, the final executable still needs the dynamic boost_*.dll libraries. This did not seem right to me... Now, when I disable auto-linking using > #define BOOST_ALL_NO_LIB the linker will not try to link the static libboost_thread*.lib, but instead use the boost_thread*.lib that was defined in the project settings. I couldn't find any documentation on this specific auto-linking behavior. * Is this expected behavior? Maybe MSVS-specific behavior? * Does the presence of the static library actually preclude some dynamic linking from occurring, thus making my executable bigger? * Or does the static library basically just need to be present and auto-linking will actually not use it when it's not appropriate? * Or does auto-linking mix and match, i.e. in my original case, when I supplied the static libraries: Did it link some functions statically, while others dynamically? Thanks, Robert

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[type_traits] type_with_alignment<64> on gcc
by Ioannis Papadopoulos 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

Hi, Is there any particular reason that type_with_alignment does not support alignment more than 32 on gcc? I am trying to create an unordered_map of objects that are aligned to cache line size (64bytes) and it fails in type_with_alignment. This small example shows it: #include <boost/tr1/unordered_map.hpp> struct __attribute__((aligned(64)) A { int i; }; int main() { std::tr1::unordered_map<int, A> umap; umap[0] = A(); return 0; } In file included from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/aligned_storage.hpp:21:0, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/type_traits/aligned_storage.hpp:11, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/detail/buckets.hpp:17, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/detail/table.hpp:10, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/detail/equivalent.hpp:14, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/unordered_map.hpp:18, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered_map.hpp:16, from /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/tr1/unordered_map.hpp:21, from test.cc:1: /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/type_traits/type_with_alignment.hpp: In instantiation of ‘boost::detail::type_with_alignment_imp<64ul>’: /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/type_traits/type_with_alignment.hpp:216:7: instantiated from ‘boost::type_with_alignment<64ul>’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp:60:31: instantiated from ‘boost::mpl::eval_if_c<false, boost::mpl::identity<boost::detail::max_align>, boost::type_with_alignment<64ul> >’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/aligned_storage.hpp:55:21: instantiated from ‘boost::detail::aligned_storage::aligned_storage_imp<128ul, 64ul>::data_t’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/aligned_storage.hpp:56:7: instantiated from ‘boost::detail::aligned_storage::aligned_storage_imp<128ul, 64ul>’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/aligned_storage.hpp:73:7: instantiated from ‘boost::aligned_storage<128ul, 64ul>’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/detail/table.hpp:281:59: instantiated from ‘boost::unordered::detail::value_base<std::pair<const int, A> >’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/detail/unique.hpp:47:12: instantiated from ‘boost::unordered::detail::ptr_node<std::pair<const int, A> >’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/detail/unique.hpp:332:40: instantiated from ‘boost::unordered::detail::table_impl<Types>::value_type& boost::unordered::detail::table_impl<Types>::operator[](const key_type&) [with Types = boost::unordered::detail::map<std::allocator<std::pair<const int, A> >, int, boost::hash<int>, std::equal_to<int> >, boost::unordered::detail::table_impl<Types>::value_type = std::pair<const int, A>, boost::unordered::detail::table_impl<Types>::key_type = int]’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/unordered/unordered_map.hpp:1007:26: instantiated from ‘boost::unordered::unordered_map<K, T, H, P, A>::mapped_type& boost::unordered::unordered_map<K, T, H, P, A>::operator[](const key_type&) [with K = int, T = A, H = boost::hash<int>, P = std::equal_to<int>, A = std::allocator<std::pair<const int, A> >, boost::unordered::unordered_map<K, T, H, P, A>::mapped_type = A, boost::unordered::unordered_map<K, T, H, P, A>::key_type = int]’ test.cc:11:9: instantiated from here /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/type_traits/type_with_alignment.hpp:206:1: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘boost::STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<false>’ /usr/local/boost/boost_1.48/include/boost/type_traits/type_with_alignment.hpp:207:1: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘boost::STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<false>’ Is there any easy way to avoid this problem? Thanks

2 2

boost::filesystem::path construct from iterator
by Frank Kingswood 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

Hi I am getting surprising build errors when attempting to create a path from iterators. For example: boost::filesystem::path path("a/b/c"); boost::filesystem::path tail(path.begin(),path.end()); fails to build on the tail constructor. The actual error is about three screenfuls so I will omit this here for now. My intention is to do something a bit more interesting, e.g. path.begin()+1 to skip the leading path component. Thanks, Frank

1 0

boost:shared_ptr destructor, SIGBUS, MIPS 64
by sumanth krishna 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

I am using a STL list of boost shared pointer in my code and and it randomly dumps core. Below is the code snippet and the core stack. class A () { virtual ~A(); string getsomestring(); } class B: public A { } typedef shared_ptr<A> A_ptr; class C // singelton class { public: getList(list <A_ptr>& temp_list) { list<A_ptr>::iterator itr = _inv.begin(); for( ; itr != _inv.end(); itr++ ) { temp_list.push_back( (*itr) ); } getListContent ( list<string>& str_list) { list<A_ptr>::iterator itr = _inv.begin(); for( ; itr != _inv.end(); itr++ ) { str_list.push_back( (*itr)->getsomestring() ); } } private: list <A_ptr> _inv; } main() { C *c= new C; // create an instance ( its a singleton class) // On creating an instance of C, the private member variable inventory is populated. // inventory.push_back(A_ptr(new FRU ( fvar ))) thread 1 { list<A_ptr> var1; c->getList(var1); list <string> var2; c->getListContent(var2); } // End of thread delete c; } // end of main Now this code works fine for some iterations and then dumps core with the following stack ###################### Thread 1 (Thread 0x55567f7af0 (LWP 23773)): #0 0x0000000120038ecc in boost::detail::atomic_decrement (pw=0xa) sysroot/usr/include/boost/smart_ptr/detail/sp_counted_base_gcc_mips.hpp:66 #1 0x0000000120038f44 in boost::detail::sp_counted_base::release (this=0x2) #2 0x00000001200390ac in boost::detail::shared_count::~shared_count (this=0x1200b08d8, __in_chrg=<value optimized out>) #3 0x000000012003eaf4 in boost::shared_ptr<A>::~shared_ptr (this=0x1200b08d0, __in_chrg=<value optimized out>) #4 0x000000012003eb4c in __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<boost::shared_ptr<A> >::destroy (this=0xffffeaf640, __p=0x1200b08d0) #5 0x000000012003c9e0 in std::_List_base<boost::shared_ptr<A>, std::allocator<boost::shared_ptr<A> > >::_M_clear (this=0x1200a8ee8) #6 0x000000012003b4ac in std::_List_base<boost::shared_ptr<A>, std::allocator<boost::shared_ptr<A> > >::~_List_base (this=0x1200a8ee8, __in_chrg=<value optimized out>) #7 0x000000012003a0e8 in std::list<boost::shared_ptr<A>, std::allocator<boost::shared_ptr<A> > >::~list (this=0x1200a8ee8, __in_chrg=<value optimized out>) #8 0x0000000120068b64 in C::~C (this=0x1200a8e70, __in_chrg=<value optimized out>) ###################################################### This code is cross compiled for MIPS64 arch on linux x86_64 machine and is running on a 64 bit MIPS machine. I am not sure why it is dumping core. It dumps core giving a *SIGBUS* error. Do i have to specifically handle the delete operation of the List ? I am using the default destructor for "C" class and there is no pointers in the class A and Class A also doesnt have anything in its destructor, no memory allocations are done in Class A. Any suggestions regarding this problem would be highly helpful.

2 4

boost compilation error
by Prasanth Madhavan 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

I have a class using boost interprocess. some of the code used in it are here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8653207/boost-interprocess-vector-creati… and here http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8517115/inserting-a-boost-vector-inside-… when i use g++ -c and compile it, it compiles. I have another big project with whom i would like to use this class. so i added it to that project, and made changes to accomodate the new class and use it. But when i compile it, it crashes with a really big error and i have no clue what the hell is going on. Please help. I have attached a sample output from make. One more thing. Inside the project. the class compiles fine. the attached message comes in when compiling another file that has the header file of this class attached to it. stats.hpp -> this is the header to the class that uses boost manager.hpp -> this has stats.hpp included filter.cpp -> this has manager.hpp included. -- Prasanth Madhavan

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Properties error reading undirected graph with "read_graphviz"
by nunofaria 05 Jan '12

05 Jan '12

Hi, I am trying to read an undirected_graph from a .dot file with read_graphviz, but I seem to some problems regarding the properties of the graph, which are *vertex_index* and *edge_weight*. /terminate called after throwing an instance of 'boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<boost::exception_detail::error_info_injector<boost::dynamic_const_put_error> >' what(): Attempt to put a value into a const property map: / The code I am using is followed: *typedef property<edge_weight_t, int> EdgeWeightProperty; typedef adjacency_list<vecS, vecS, undirectedS, no_property, EdgeWeightProperty> undirected_graph; typedef property_map<undirected_graph, edge_weight_t>::type weight_map_type; typedef property_traits<weight_map_type>::value_type weight_type; typedef std::pair<int, int> edge_t; undirected_graph read_graph(std::string filename, dynamic_properties * dp) { std::ifstream in(filename.c_str()); // ... check errors in file ... undirected_graph g(0); read_graphviz(in, g, *dp, "node_id"); in.close(); return g; } int main() { boost::dynamic_properties dp; // populate graph properties by reference undirected_graph g = read_graph("test_boost_graph.dot", &dp); dp.property("node_id", get(vertex_index, g)); dp.property("w", get(edge_weight, g)); // write to cout write_graphviz_dp(cout, g, dp, "node_id"); return 0; }* I think the example is pretty simple and it should work. However I don't get much when googling the resulting error. Does someone know what's this about? Thanks in advance -- View this message in context: http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/Properties-error-reading-undirected-grap… Sent from the Boost - Users mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

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