April 2013 - Boost-users - lists.preview.boost.org

Re: [Boost-users] [graph] dijkstra additional constrains that will stop the search (ex. distance from source)
by The Maschine 16 Apr '13

16 Apr '13

Hi Jeremiah, As far as I understand this will examine only the "local" value (node length for example) against the threshold. In my path search I need to be able to find the "total length/distance" from the source to the vertex in question. Adding up the lengths (of the nodes that the path is passing) from source to current vertex and then tested against the threshold. Am I clear or my description is wrong? Thanks a lot, Tasos > Here's the basic idea (not tested); use this as your Dijkstra visitor, and > change the part labeled "threshold" to your threshold computation: > > struct threshold_visitor: boost::default_dijkstra_visitor { > double threshold; > > threshold_visitor(double threshold): threshold(threshold) {} > > struct hit_threshold {}; > > void examine_vertex(vertex_descriptor v, const unGraph& g) { > if (get(&VertexProperties::m_ref, g, v) > threshold) > throw hit_threshold(); > } > }; > > Remember to wrap your call to Dijkstra's algorithm in a try-catch block > for threshold_visitor::hit_threshold. > > -- Jeremiah Willcock > >

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[graph] dijkstra additional constrains that will stop the search (ex. distance from source)
by The Maschine 16 Apr '13

16 Apr '13

Hi all, I've been reading around the list (Ill post examples below) but I dont really know how to implement the thing below. I want the search to be able to stop based on some "value" or "result of a function". For example, every node has a "length" value in a custom "struct VertexProperties". How is it possible for dijkstra_shortest_paths to only consider nodes that are inside a radius from the source? Everything else should be considered as 'unconnected'. I have checked a couple of posts form the list but I dont know what do really do. (function property map, exceptions in visitors etc) http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.boost.user/54392/focus=54397 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.boost.user/72072/focus=72074 http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.lib.boost.user/73358/focus=73384 I havent found any example or source online that deals with something similar. Any ideas? code example or tutorials? Best, Tasos my graph for example: struct VertexProperties { double m_length; int m_ref; }; typedef double Weight; typedef boost::property<boost::edge_weight_t, double> EdgeWeightProperty; typedef boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::undirectedS, VertexProperties, EdgeWeightProperty> unGraph;

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Re: [Boost-users] [Graph] dijkstra_shortest_paths: weird distance to vertex (1.79769e+308)
by The Maschine 16 Apr '13

16 Apr '13

Hi Jeremiah, How do I eliminate cases like this? (not connected vertex) For you post I think you cannot use "isnan" or "isinfinate" right? My only option is colormap or predecessors? (I havent use them yet) Best, Tasos

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boost asio daemon
by Philipp Kraus 16 Apr '13

16 Apr '13

Hello, I use boost::asio for creating a daemon, I do this: io::io_service l_ioservice; io::signal_set l_signals(l_ioservice, SIGINT, SIGTERM); l_signals.async_wait(daemonhandler); l_ioservice.run(); my daemonhandler shows: void daemonhandler( const boost::system::Error_code& err ) { if (!err) do some log } The daemon handler function is a function, that runs in a thread loop, does it? Can I create something like: void daemonhandler( const boost::system::Error_code& err ) { if (!err) do some log else do daemon work } My question is, is the daemonhandler function a function that is called only if the daemon is stopped or that is run during the daemon is active / working? Thanks Phil

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Re: [Boost-users] [CMake] [boost][b2] Differenciate 32bit and 64 bit binaries when using CMake.
by Klaim - Joël Lamotte 16 Apr '13

16 Apr '13

Júlio Hoffimann said: > > I don't know if i understood correctly, but you can set the library > directory by hand, please refer to > /usr/share/cmake-<version>/Modules/FindBoost.cmake, in particular the > variable BOOST_LIBRARYDIR. On Thu, Oct 11, 2012 at 1:29 PM, Miller, Frank <FMiller(a)sjm.com> wrote: > A simple solution would be to install only the 64bit version of boost > into a new directory and change the environment variable to point there. > Then FindBoost will only be able to see the version you want. > Thanks, this will solve my immediate problem, but it don't solve it in general. (I will use it though, so thanks) I can't guarantee where the boost libraries are installed, that's why I use FindBoost. My current understanding is that boost don't have a specific default lib dir for different address models, which is the source of the problem as FindBoost script can't rely on a protocol to find these lib files. Am I correct? Joel Lamotte

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PBGL Dijkstra's Single Source Shortest Path
by claire eisner 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Is there a way to access the shortest path from source to target? The issue I am having is that only the local portions of the predecessor maps are written. Claire

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MSM: Initialize inner state machine from outer state machine
by Dan Schatzberg 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Hi, I have shared data between states which are state machines themselves. I've stored the shared data in the outer state machine and wish to initialize each of the inner state machines with a reference to the shared data. Is this the "right way" to do this? How would I do this? Here's an example of what I'm doing: struct Outer_ : state_machine_def<Outer_> { int foo; struct Inner_ : state_machine_def<Inner_> { int& foo; Inner_(int& f) : foo(f) {} ... } ... } How do I get the inner state machines constructor called with data from the outer state machine? Or is this just the wrong way to do things? Thanks

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[serialization] EOF marker?
by Ramey, Larry 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Is there a way to serialize an unknown number of items and then read them back? In essence, I'd like to do this: Ignore the variables being serialized, these are pointers to base classes, they go in and out just fine. try { ofstream ofs(fileName.c_str(),ios::binary); portable_binary_oarchive oa(ofs); //boost::archive::text_oarchive oa(ofs); oa<<qdc <<qdf <<qdenv <<qdmsg <<qsd <<qdfc <<qdce; } catch(boost::archive::archive_exception& ae) { cout<<ae.what(); } try { ifstream ifs(fileName.c_str(),ios::binary); portable_binary_iarchive ia(ifs); //boost::archive::text_iarchive ia(ifs); while( true ) { ia>>qdc2; cout<<qdc2->GetElementDebugType()<<endl; delete qdc2; qdc2=NULL; } } catch(boost::archive::archive_exception& ae) { cout<<ae.what(); } catch( std::exception& e) { cout<<e.what(); } What happens is that an exception gets tossed with this message: 5 2 14 1 3 18 Access violation - no RTTI data! The numbers are correct, those are the elements that got serialized. I'd like to do something like: while( ia ) { Ia>>qdc2; } But there is no () operator on an portable_binary_iarchive . I tried to do the test on the input stream, but that didn't work either. I don't know how many elements there are because I'm writing them as I go, I don't want to catch that exception as the EOF marker, because it really isn't the correct exception for that. I tried walking through the serialization code to see where it actually reads a byte stream form the file... but I'm apparently not smart enough to unravel that much templated Macro awesomeness. :) Larry E. Ramey

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Compile error in boost atomic on iOS
by Olivier Tristan 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Hi Guys, I'm trying to use boost lockfree and a fixed size queue on iOS and I got some compile issue. The target is an armV7 compiled with clang in c++11 mode from Xcode 4.6 Does this ring a bell to someone ? Thanks, In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/lockfree/queue.hpp:22: In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/lockfree/detail/atomic.hpp:39: In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/atomic.hpp:12: In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/atomic/atomic.hpp:16: In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/atomic/detail/platform.hpp:37: In file included from /usr/local/include/boost/atomic/detail/gcc-armv6plus.hpp:245: /usr/local/include/boost/atomic/detail/cas32weak.hpp:892:21: error: invalid operands to binary expression ('value_type' (aka 'boost::lockfree::detail::tagged_index') and 'value_type') if (tmp != expected) { ~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~ /usr/local/include/boost/atomic/detail/cas32weak.hpp:905:5: note: in instantiation of member function 'boost::atomics::detail::base_atomic<boost::lockfree::detail::tagged_index, void, 4, false>::compare_exchange_strong' requested here BOOST_ATOMIC_DECLARE_BASE_OPERATORS ^ /usr/local/include/boost/atomic/detail/base.hpp:44:16: note: expanded from macro 'BOOST_ATOMIC_DECLARE_BASE_OPERATORS' return compare_exchange_strong(expected, desired, order, calculate_failure_order(order)); \ ^ /usr/local/include/boost/lockfree/queue.hpp:290:31: note: in instantiation of member function 'boost::atomics::detail::base_atomic<boost::lockfree::detail::tagged_index, void, 4, false>::compare_exchange_strong' requested here tail_.compare_exchange_strong(tail, new_tail); ^ /usr/local/include/boost/lockfree/queue.hpp:261:16: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'boost::lockfree::queue<StreamingCommand, boost::lockfree::fixed_sized<true>, boost::lockfree::capacity<1024>, boost::parameter::void_>::do_push<true>' requested here return do_push<true>(t); -- Olivier Tristan

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[preprocessor] Is there an equivalent of "delayed expansion"?
by Mostafa 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Is there an equivalent in boost for delaying the expansion of a macro? For example, I want EAT to act on TSEQ2, so I have to use trick on line 4. #define TSEQ2 (w)(x)(y)(z)(a)(b)(c)(d 2) #define IDENTITY(x) x #define EAT(x) IDENTITY(IDENTITY(EAT)TSEQ2) Thanks, Mostafa

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[Graph] dijkstra_shortest_paths: weird distance to vertex (1.79769e+308)
by The Maschine 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Hi all, Might be something really stupid but I cant think of a problem. (maybe its my limited experience with BGL common pitfalls) for (boost::tie(vi, vi_end) = boost::vertices(m_ugraph); vi != vi_end; ++vi) { depth += distances[*vi]; ..... path to:51886 distance to that node: 16.2 current total: 437998 path to:51887 distance to that node: 16.3 current total: 438014 path to:51888 distance to that node: 16.2 current total: 438031 path to:51889 distance to that node: 16.2 current total: 438047 path to:51890 distance to that node: 16.1 current total: 438063 path to:51891 distance to that node: 16.2 current total: 438079 path to:51892 distance to that node: 1.79769e+308 current total: 1.79769e+308 path to:51893 distance to that node: 16.3 current total: 1.79769e+308 path to:51894 distance to that node: 13.8 current total: 1.79769e+308 path to:51895 distance to that node: 13.9 current total: 1.79769e+308 I have checked my weights: if(edge_w<=0.0) edge_w = 0.1; if(edge_w >2.0) edge_w = 2.0; if( !(std::isnan(edge_w)) ) edge_w = 0.1; if( !(std::isfinite(edge_w)) ) edge_w = 0.1; boost::dijkstra_shortest_paths(m_ugraph, *vertex_iterator_begin, boost::distance_map(distanceMap)); typedef double Weight; typedef boost::property<boost::edge_weight_t, double> EdgeWeightProperty; typedef boost::adjacency_list<boost::vecS, boost::vecS, boost::undirectedS, VertexProperties, EdgeWeightProperty> unGraph; Any ideas? Thanks a lot Tasos

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Re: [Boost-users] [Graph] dijkstra_shortest_paths: weird distance to vertex (1.79769e+308)
by The Maschine 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

This is not in my actual code! and not risponsible for my problem. Its incorrect from the copy/paste. !(std::isnan(edge_w)) its: std::isnan() Tasos

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Accessing members from a shared pointer passed as argument to a function gives incorrect results without typecast
by Deepak Gunjal 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Hi, class A; class B; typedef boost::shared_ptr<A> pSharedPtrA; typedef boost::shared_ptr<B> pSharedPtrB; class B { public: int memberB; }; Class A { public: pSharedPtrB pMember; }; Suppose i have one shared pointer of type pSharedPtrA pointing to an object of class A and the member variable pMember pinging to a valid object of class B. Now if i pass the shared pointer of type pSharedPtrA to a function suppose Test_Func(pSharedPtrA): void Test_Func(pSharedPtrA pLocalA) { pSharedPtrA ptrA = boost::static_pointer_cast<A> (pLocalA) pSharedPtrB tmpB = boost::static_pointer_cast<B>(ptrA->pMember) Another_Func(tmpB) } Another_Func(pSharedPtrB pLocalB) { int x = pLocalB->memberB; //Gives WRONG value pSharedPtrB ptmp = boost::static_pointer_cast<B> (pLocalB) x = ptmp ->memberB; //Gives CORRECT Value } The problem is when typecast is not used then in function Another_Func(pSharedPtrB pLocalB), pLocalB->memberB is not giving the correct result but after typecast it is giving the correct results. The inference is that in function Another_Func() data is preserved in the pLocalB but without typecast i am not able to access it. Though i have not declared any virtual functions in above code but where we are having problem does contain the vritual functions. I dont know if it has any bearing on behavior observed. I want to know why typecasting is required to get the correct result and why cant i access the members without typecasting. Thanks and Regards Deepak

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unit test on vc++ 64 bit application
by young 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

I try to use boost 1.51 for my vc++ 64 bit application on windows 7 enterprise. In short, if I set config to 32 bit, everything is OK. I mean build successfully. But if I changed to 64 bit, I get build error. I am sure I include the 64 bit header and the lib path is 64 bit lib. My test application is win32 console application. The error I got: Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol main referenced in function __tmainCRTStartup D:\Temp\test\test\MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) test My test.cpp: #define BOOST_TEST_MAIN #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp> Why 32 bit build and 64 bit would not? The library I used is from www.boostpro.com. -- View this message in context: http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/unit-test-on-vc-64-bit-application-tp464… Sent from the Boost - Users mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

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Unit Test for vc++ exe project possible?
by young 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

I see a good tutorial for Boost Test using Visual Studio. (http://legalizeadulthood.wordpress.com/2009/07/04/c-unit-tests-with-boost-t…) But it looks like only forstatic or dynamic library. Is that possible to unit test the exe production project using Boost Test? If yes, how? Any link for tutorial, etc? -- View this message in context: http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/Unit-Test-for-vc-exe-project-possible-tp… Sent from the Boost - Users mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

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Boost.Test : Project setting in Visual 2010
by Oodini 15 Apr '13

15 Apr '13

Hello, I am trying to setup in Visual C++ 2010 some projects to use Boost.Test. I have a project with some classes I want to test. This project builds a static library. I put in this project a test file ; here is its content : #define BOOST_TEST_MODULE MyTest #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp> BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(Test1) { BOOST_REQUIRE(false); } I created an other project (a console program). Its content is : #define BOOST_TEST_MAIN #include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp> In its properties, I linked it to the first project, trough Common Properties -> Framework and references. When I execute this program, I get the message "test tree is empty". How should I setup me projects ? I can't find clear documentation about this subject. Thanks a lot.

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Re: [Boost-users] [boost][thread] Future returning 0xfeeefeee
by Stefan Strasser 14 Apr '13

14 Apr '13

Zitat von Klaim - Joël Lamotte <mjklaim(a)gmail.com>: > On Sun, Apr 7, 2013 at 1:02 AM, Klaim - Joël Lamotte > <mjklaim(a)gmail.com>wrote: > >> So the promise is destroyed before setting the value to the future. > > > Sorry, I meant: the promise is (a priori) guaranteed to be destroyed AFTER > having set the value to the future. > > Joel Lamotte > I was under the impression that the promise object itself has to be alive when the future result is used. and since you're emptying your queue on execution it's not. but considering that the promise object could be in another thread that was probably a false impression. Which compiler does this even work with yet? Both gcc and clang fail. clang on compilation, gcc compiles it but fails at runtime with a system_error exception and an invalid error code. so you might wanna consider compiler and library bugs, too.

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Re: [Boost-users] Can I implement asynchronous and non-blocking socket IO with boost.asio on LINUX?
by Marat Abrarov 14 Apr '13

14 Apr '13

> I think this implementation looks similar to ACE. The proactor > implementation varies depends on platforms. ACE uses native asynch IO > features for Windows, Solaris but not for LINUX. > I wanted to know if boost.asio implements asynch IO for LINUX not like > ACE. RTFM? http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_53_0/doc/html/boost_asio/overview/implementa tion.html > Then does proactor of boost.asio on LINUX work well? If it is portable I > guess it should though. > > Do people use proactor of boost.asio on LINUX? http://think-async.com/Asio/WhoIsUsingAsio As far as I know, the best performance at Linux can be achieved using "io_service-per-CPU design": http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_53_0/doc/html/boost_asio/examples.html#boost _asio.examples.http_server_2 Regards, Marat Abrarov.

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Can I implement asynchronous and non-blocking socket IO with boost.asio on LINUX?
by Journeyer J. Joh 14 Apr '13

14 Apr '13

Can I implement asynchronous and non-blocking (overlapped) socket IO with boost.asio on LINUX? If so please provide me some information for that. Thank you in advance! Best regards ---------------------------------------- Journeyer J. Joh o o s a p r o g r a m m e r a t g m a i l d o t c o m ----------------------------------------

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C++ and/or boost analog to .NET System.Version
by Michael Powell 13 Apr '13

13 Apr '13

Hello, I am curious is there an analog to System.Version in .NET? http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.version.aspx Basically a cloneable, comparable, equatable version composed of major, minor, build, revision. Or patch, build, or however you'd like to decompose the fields. I don't think it'd be hard to cook one up using say tuple<int, int, int, int> for instance, but if one already exists I'd like to save the effort. Thanks! Regards, Michael Powell

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Issue with asio::serial_port - async_write_some handler isn't firing
by Alex McClung 13 Apr '13

13 Apr '13

Hi, I'm trying to get a simple application up and running that sends and receives simple commands through a COM port to an Arduino hooked up to some sensors. Right now, I'm just trying to send the Arduino a simple command through a boost::asio::serial_port instance, although at some point I'll need to start reading from it as well. At any rate, I think I've got the basic premise down, but for some reason the WriteComplete function (see code below) isn't being called. After running the program, the output is: Open Sending command '.' Press any key to continue. I'm not 100% sure what's going on. The only thing I can think of is that the boost::asio::buffer(&command, sizeof(command)) statement is wrong. I'm not very familiar with these libraries, though, so I don't know what I would replace it with. I've included the code I'm using in case anyone can help me out. Thanks, -Alex --- #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include <boost\bind.hpp> #include <boost\asio.hpp> using namespace std; boost::asio::io_service gService; boost::asio::serial_port gPort(gService); void WriteComplete(const boost::system::error_code& error, std::size_t bytes_transferred) { cout << "Write complete." << endl; gPort.close(); } int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { gPort.open("COM3"); if(!gPort.is_open()) { cout << "Could not open com port." << endl; return 0; } cout << "Open" << endl; typedef boost::asio::serial_port_base asio_serial; gPort.set_option( asio_serial::baud_rate( 9600 ) ); gPort.set_option( asio_serial::flow_control( asio_serial::flow_control::none ) ); gPort.set_option( asio_serial::parity( asio_serial::parity::none ) ); gPort.set_option( asio_serial::stop_bits( asio_serial::stop_bits::one ) ); gPort.set_option( asio_serial::character_size( 8 ) ); char command = '.'; cout << "Sending command '" << command << "'" << endl; gPort.async_write_some( boost::asio::buffer(&command, sizeof(command)), boost::bind( &WriteComplete, boost::asio::placeholders::error, boost::asio::placeholders::bytes_transferred ) ); cout << "Press any key to continue."; cin.ignore(); cin.get(); return 0; }

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Re: [Boost-users] Bind/Function: use reference arguments in template variadic functions
by Yannick POTIN 13 Apr '13

13 Apr '13

> > Actually, I try to use template variadic functions which can contains references, pointers and/or values which must be converted to boost::function0<void>. > > I tried to use forward() but I lose references with it. I tried ref() to but it make values interpreted as references (so ints are broken). So I'm looking for a magic way to use ref() only when needed by the arguments. > What do you mean by "when needed by the arguments?" How do you specify what should have ref added and what shouldn't? Well, I tried to make a template pseudo-code to determine which function it needs to use. Like this code that does not work: ///// Big code to make it working template<typename W,typename T> struct SignalArgumentValueConverter { }; template<typename T> struct SignalArgumentValueConverter<const boost::reference_wrapper<T>,T> { static const boost::reference_wrapper<T> convert(T&& t) { return boost::ref<T>(t); } }; template<typename T> struct SignalArgumentValueConverter<T&&,T> { static T&& convert(T&& t) { return std::forward<T&&>(t); } }; template<typename T> struct SignalArgumentTypeConverter { typedef typename std::conditional<std::is_reference<T>::value,const boost::reference_wrapper<T>,T&&>::type type; static type convert(T&& t) { return SignalArgumentValueConverter<type,T>::convert(std::forward<T&&>(t)); } }; ////// Little code to use it // Note: current is an iterator on a std::vector< boost::function<void(Args…)> > (*current)( SignalArgumentTypeConverter<Args>::convert(boost::forward<Args>(args))... ); This code does not compile and I think that I may break its code while I made some tests. Any idea to create something lile that (or even better) ? Regards, Yannick POTIN

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[program_options] Possible to compose notifier to void void function?
by Michael Powell 13 Apr '13

13 Apr '13

Hello, Is it possible? Something like the example identified here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7125666/what-is-boostprogram-optionsnoti… Except I'd like to hook up a void(void) notifier handler instead of the parameter. Thank ye... Regards, Michael Powell

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Re: [Boost-users] Bind/Function: use reference arguments in template variadic functions
by Yannick POTIN 12 Apr '13

12 Apr '13

> > >> template<class ...classes> >> boost::function0<void> call_something(classes&... c) > > Thank you, It actually allows me to use references in these functions. > I just tried and g++ is waiting for only references but I need to use pointers and/or values too. > There is a way to use mixed types in template variadic functions ? > For perfect forwarding use: template<class... T> void call(T&&... t) { foo(std::forward<T>(t)...); } I tried this one too and it works fine thank you. However, I use these functions with boost::bind library and actually references are lost when I use it (and I need to). After some google searches, it seems that boost::bind officially does not support this use (due to internal references). So I tried with std::bind because I read somewhere the problem was fixed with its C++11 version. The problem is the same : with std::bind too, references are lost using std::forward. Does anyone made this duo bind/template variadic functions working together ? And if someone did, how did you do ? Sorry, I lost context with what you're trying to do, but maybe you want to use boost::ref / std::ref in conjunction with boost::bind / std::bind, respectively? I think that should indicate to the binding framework to hold the bound values by reference rather than by value (if that's what you want). - Jeff Actually, I try to use template variadic functions which can contains references, pointers and/or values which must be converted to boost::function0<void>. I tried to use forward() but I lose references with it. I tried ref() to but it make values interpreted as references (so ints are broken). So I'm looking for a magic way to use ref() only when needed by the arguments. Regards, Yannick POTIN

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Difficulty using promises and futures
by Michael Powell 12 Apr '13

12 Apr '13

Hello, I would like to use promises and futures in our embedded app. We're targeting ArchLinux ARM. I believe we can build against a GCC 4.7.2 toolchain which has either C++0x or possibly even C++11 (somewhat) support. I am trying to setup a couple of simple issues to make it even compile, but am having trouble. boost::packaged_task<vector<int> > int_vect_pt_(simple_vector_getter); boost::unique_future<vector<int> > int_vect_f_ = int_vect_pt_.get_future(); boost::thread task(boost::move(int_vect_pt_)); boost::packaged_task<int> int_pt_(simple_getter); boost::unique_future<int> int_f_ = int_pt_.get_future(); boost::thread task(boost::move(int_pt_)); Error(s): Description Resource Path Location Type 'boost::move' is ambiguous ' Candidates are: boost::type move(boost::packaged_task<int> &) ' optics.cpp /detector/devices line 156 Semantic Error Description Resource Path Location Type 'boost::move' is ambiguous ' Candidates are: boost::type move(boost::packaged_task<std::vector<int,std::allocator<int>>> &) ' optics.cpp /detector/devices line 152 Semantic Error Can anyone help or otherwise advise? I've even got a "crude" future implementation in C# .NETCF for pity's sake... Anyway, if necessary, what did we do before promises/futures? ;-) Thank you... Regards, Michael Powell

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